ONCOLOGY NCLEX ACTUAL EXAM
LATEST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
A 64-year-old male patient who is receiving radiation to the head
and neck as treatment for an invasive malignant tumor complains
of mouth sores and pain. Which intervention should the nurse add
to this patient's plan of care?
A. Weigh the patient every month to monitor for weight loss.
B. Cleanse the mouth every 2 to 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide.
C. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.
D. Apply palifermin (Kepivance) liberally to the affected oral
mucosa. Correct Answer C. Provide high-protein and high-calorie,
soft foods every 2 hours.
A patient with stomatitis should have soft, nonirritating foods
offered frequently. The diet should be high in protein and high in
calories. Saline or water should be used to cleanse the mouth
(not hydrogen peroxide). Palifermin is administered intravenously
as a growth factor to stimulate cells on the surface layer of the
mouth to grow. Patients should be weighed at least twice each
week to monitor for weight loss.
,A 70-year-old man who has end-stage lung cancer is admitted to
the hospital with confusion and oliguria for 2 days. Which finding
would the nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
A. Weight gain of 2 lb
D. Urine specific gravity of 1.015
C. Blood urea nitrogen of 20 mg/dL
D. Serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L Correct Answer D. Serum
sodium level of 118 mEq/L
Lung cancer cells are able to manufacture and release antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) with resultant water retention and hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia (serum sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L) may
lead to central nervous system symptoms such as confusion,
seizures, coma, and death. A weight gain may be due to fluid
retention. The urine specific gravity and blood urea nitrogen are
normal.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of
chemotherapy to treat a rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer.
The nurse is aware that this patient is at risk for tumor lysis
syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the patient closely for which
abnormality associated with this oncologic emergency?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypouricemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia Correct Answer C. Hypocalcemia
,TLS is a metabolic complication characterized by rapid release of
intracellular components in response to chemotherapy. This can
rapidly lead to acute renal injury. The hallmark signs of TLS are
hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and
hypocalcemia.
The nurse is caring for a patient suffering from anorexia
secondary to chemotherapy. Which strategy would be most
appropriate for the nurse to use to increase the patient's
nutritional intake?
A. Increase intake of liquids at mealtime to stimulate the appetite.
B. Serve three large meals per day plus snacks between each
meal.
C. Avoid the use of liquid protein supplements to encourage
eating at mealtime.
D. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut
butter to selected foods Correct Answer D. Add items such as
skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut butter to selected
foodS
The nurse can increase the nutritional density of foods by adding
items high in protein and/or calories (such as peanut butter, skim
milk powder, cheese, honey, or brown sugar) to foods the patient
will eat. Increasing fluid intake at mealtime fills the stomach with
fluid and decreases the desire to eat. Small frequent meals are
best tolerated. Supplements can be helpful.
, Which item would be most beneficial when providing oral care to
a patient with metastatic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury
secondary to chemotherapy?
A. Firm-bristle toothbrush
B. Hydrogen peroxide rinse
C. Alcohol-based mouthwash
D. 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse Correct Answer D. 1 tsp salt
in 1 L water mouth rinse
A salt-water mouth rinse will not cause further irritation to oral
tissue that is fragile because of mucositis, which is a side effect of
chemotherapy. A soft-bristle toothbrush will be used. One
teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate may be added to the salt-water
solution to decrease odor, alleviate pain, and dissolve mucin.
Hydrogen peroxide and alcohol-based mouthwash are not used
because they would damage the oral tissue.
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient
experiencing myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for
cancer treatment?
A. Acute pain
B. Hypothermia
C. Powerlessness
D. Risk for infection Correct Answer D. Risk for infection
LATEST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
A 64-year-old male patient who is receiving radiation to the head
and neck as treatment for an invasive malignant tumor complains
of mouth sores and pain. Which intervention should the nurse add
to this patient's plan of care?
A. Weigh the patient every month to monitor for weight loss.
B. Cleanse the mouth every 2 to 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide.
C. Provide high-protein and high-calorie, soft foods every 2 hours.
D. Apply palifermin (Kepivance) liberally to the affected oral
mucosa. Correct Answer C. Provide high-protein and high-calorie,
soft foods every 2 hours.
A patient with stomatitis should have soft, nonirritating foods
offered frequently. The diet should be high in protein and high in
calories. Saline or water should be used to cleanse the mouth
(not hydrogen peroxide). Palifermin is administered intravenously
as a growth factor to stimulate cells on the surface layer of the
mouth to grow. Patients should be weighed at least twice each
week to monitor for weight loss.
,A 70-year-old man who has end-stage lung cancer is admitted to
the hospital with confusion and oliguria for 2 days. Which finding
would the nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
A. Weight gain of 2 lb
D. Urine specific gravity of 1.015
C. Blood urea nitrogen of 20 mg/dL
D. Serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L Correct Answer D. Serum
sodium level of 118 mEq/L
Lung cancer cells are able to manufacture and release antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) with resultant water retention and hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia (serum sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L) may
lead to central nervous system symptoms such as confusion,
seizures, coma, and death. A weight gain may be due to fluid
retention. The urine specific gravity and blood urea nitrogen are
normal.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of
chemotherapy to treat a rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer.
The nurse is aware that this patient is at risk for tumor lysis
syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the patient closely for which
abnormality associated with this oncologic emergency?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypouricemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia Correct Answer C. Hypocalcemia
,TLS is a metabolic complication characterized by rapid release of
intracellular components in response to chemotherapy. This can
rapidly lead to acute renal injury. The hallmark signs of TLS are
hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and
hypocalcemia.
The nurse is caring for a patient suffering from anorexia
secondary to chemotherapy. Which strategy would be most
appropriate for the nurse to use to increase the patient's
nutritional intake?
A. Increase intake of liquids at mealtime to stimulate the appetite.
B. Serve three large meals per day plus snacks between each
meal.
C. Avoid the use of liquid protein supplements to encourage
eating at mealtime.
D. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut
butter to selected foods Correct Answer D. Add items such as
skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut butter to selected
foodS
The nurse can increase the nutritional density of foods by adding
items high in protein and/or calories (such as peanut butter, skim
milk powder, cheese, honey, or brown sugar) to foods the patient
will eat. Increasing fluid intake at mealtime fills the stomach with
fluid and decreases the desire to eat. Small frequent meals are
best tolerated. Supplements can be helpful.
, Which item would be most beneficial when providing oral care to
a patient with metastatic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury
secondary to chemotherapy?
A. Firm-bristle toothbrush
B. Hydrogen peroxide rinse
C. Alcohol-based mouthwash
D. 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse Correct Answer D. 1 tsp salt
in 1 L water mouth rinse
A salt-water mouth rinse will not cause further irritation to oral
tissue that is fragile because of mucositis, which is a side effect of
chemotherapy. A soft-bristle toothbrush will be used. One
teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate may be added to the salt-water
solution to decrease odor, alleviate pain, and dissolve mucin.
Hydrogen peroxide and alcohol-based mouthwash are not used
because they would damage the oral tissue.
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient
experiencing myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for
cancer treatment?
A. Acute pain
B. Hypothermia
C. Powerlessness
D. Risk for infection Correct Answer D. Risk for infection
