Psychopharmacology Final Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
In which of the following brain areas would you expect to find GABA: amygdala,
cerebellum,cortex, raphe nuclei, hippocampus?
cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus
Compare and contrast muscimol and picrotoxin
Muscimol is a GABAA agonist that binds to GABAs receptor site, picrotoxin is an
antagonist that binds to sites other than GABAs on the receptor.Both are derived from
plants
Which drugs enhance the effects of GABA at GABAA receptors?
Ethanol, benzodiazepines, neurosteroids
Which drug is a GABAB receptor agonist? What does it treat?
Baclofen (Lioresal); muscle spasms.
The most common route of administration for alcohol is _______________
Oral
Name two factors that will affect the rate of absorption of alcohol from the stomach
Amount of alcohol consumed and the presence of food in the stomach
Alcohol hydrogenase and CYP 2E1 convert alcohol to ________________
Acetaldehyde
_______________ converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid
,ALDH
Why should you not mix certain drugs with alcohol?
Competition for enzymes to eliminate the drugs can heighten the effects of the alcohol to
dangerous levels
What is tolerance? What are the four types of tolerance that effect response to alcohol?
tolerance to a drug occurs when the person no longer responds to the drug in the
sameway they did the first time they took it; it would take a higher dose of the drug to
achieve the same effects. Alcohol is affected by all four types of tolerance: acute,
metabolic,pharmacodynamic, and behavioral.
What brain system shuts down at lethal levels resulting in death?
Respiratory centers
Which drug effect is behind alcohol's role in automobile accidents?
Slowed reaction time
Which two neurotransmitters are most associated with the hyper excitability seen
duringwithdrawal from alcohol?
GABA & Glu
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the reinforcing properties of alcohol?
DA (dopamine)
The cellular effects of acute alcohol administration are ______________ to the effects
ofchronic alcohol administration
Opposite
, What is the fastest way to administer nicotine to the brain?
Inhalation/smoking
Which neurotransmitter does nicotine act on? Which specific receptor subtypes are
involved?
nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs); a4b2
Acute tolerance to nicotine can take place in how many days?
1
The VTA projects dopamine to the ________________, which is involved in the
reinforcingeffects of nicotine.
nucleus accumbens
If you are tolerant or dependent on caffeine, are you addicted to it? Why or why not?
we would probably not say you were addicted becausecaffeine use is not compulsory or
maladaptive the way most other drugs of abuse are
What is the mechanism of action for caffeine
blockade of A1 and A2A receptors for adenosin
What does the behavior of laboratory rats look like when caffeine is
administered?____________________ is sometimes mistaken for an anxiety disorder.
caffeinism
The active ingredient in marijuana is _________________.
THC
Accurate Real Exam Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
In which of the following brain areas would you expect to find GABA: amygdala,
cerebellum,cortex, raphe nuclei, hippocampus?
cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus
Compare and contrast muscimol and picrotoxin
Muscimol is a GABAA agonist that binds to GABAs receptor site, picrotoxin is an
antagonist that binds to sites other than GABAs on the receptor.Both are derived from
plants
Which drugs enhance the effects of GABA at GABAA receptors?
Ethanol, benzodiazepines, neurosteroids
Which drug is a GABAB receptor agonist? What does it treat?
Baclofen (Lioresal); muscle spasms.
The most common route of administration for alcohol is _______________
Oral
Name two factors that will affect the rate of absorption of alcohol from the stomach
Amount of alcohol consumed and the presence of food in the stomach
Alcohol hydrogenase and CYP 2E1 convert alcohol to ________________
Acetaldehyde
_______________ converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid
,ALDH
Why should you not mix certain drugs with alcohol?
Competition for enzymes to eliminate the drugs can heighten the effects of the alcohol to
dangerous levels
What is tolerance? What are the four types of tolerance that effect response to alcohol?
tolerance to a drug occurs when the person no longer responds to the drug in the
sameway they did the first time they took it; it would take a higher dose of the drug to
achieve the same effects. Alcohol is affected by all four types of tolerance: acute,
metabolic,pharmacodynamic, and behavioral.
What brain system shuts down at lethal levels resulting in death?
Respiratory centers
Which drug effect is behind alcohol's role in automobile accidents?
Slowed reaction time
Which two neurotransmitters are most associated with the hyper excitability seen
duringwithdrawal from alcohol?
GABA & Glu
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the reinforcing properties of alcohol?
DA (dopamine)
The cellular effects of acute alcohol administration are ______________ to the effects
ofchronic alcohol administration
Opposite
, What is the fastest way to administer nicotine to the brain?
Inhalation/smoking
Which neurotransmitter does nicotine act on? Which specific receptor subtypes are
involved?
nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs); a4b2
Acute tolerance to nicotine can take place in how many days?
1
The VTA projects dopamine to the ________________, which is involved in the
reinforcingeffects of nicotine.
nucleus accumbens
If you are tolerant or dependent on caffeine, are you addicted to it? Why or why not?
we would probably not say you were addicted becausecaffeine use is not compulsory or
maladaptive the way most other drugs of abuse are
What is the mechanism of action for caffeine
blockade of A1 and A2A receptors for adenosin
What does the behavior of laboratory rats look like when caffeine is
administered?____________________ is sometimes mistaken for an anxiety disorder.
caffeinism
The active ingredient in marijuana is _________________.
THC
