Ethics & Issues in Contemporary
Nursing Midterm 2025/2026 Exam
1
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Virtue Ethics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Theories of ethics, usually attributed to
Aristotle, that represent the idea that an individual's actions are based upon
innate moral virtue
Character Ethics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Theories of ethics, sometimes called
virtue ethics, that are related to the concept of innate moral virtue
Focal Virtues (I don't think I need this in here) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔This is the
big, green header, which is right after Virtue Ethics and Character Ethics,
on Pg. 49 and it contains the next 4 words being Compassion,
Discernment, Trustworthiness, and Integrity
Compassion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal virtue combining an attitude of active
regard for another's welfare with an imaginative awareness and emotional
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,response of deep sympathy, tenderness, and discomfort at the other
person's misfortune or suffering
2
Discernment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal virtue of sensitive insight, acute
judgment and understanding that results in decisive action
Trustworthiness - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal virtue that results in recognition
by others of one's consistency and predictability in following moral norms
Integrity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Refers to adherence to moral norms that is
sustained over time. Implicit in this is trustworthiness and a consistency of
convictions, actions, and emotions
Privacy (I don't think I need this in here) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔(This is right
before Confidentiality, but I am not sure if it is necessary for it to be in
there, yet it goes right along with what Confidentiality truly is)
- Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal information or
secrets that are disclosed to others
Confidentiality - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ethical principle that requires
nondisclosure of private or secret information with which one is entrusted.
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,In research, it refers to the researcher's assurance to participants that
information provided will not be made public or available to anyone other
3
than those involved in the research process without the participant's
consent
Limits of Confidentiality - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- There are arguments that favor
questioning the absolute obligation of confidentiality in certain situations
--> these arguments include theories related to the principles of harm and
vulnerability
~~> The harm principle can be applied when the nurse or other
professional recognizes that maintaining confidentiality will result in
preventable wrongful hard to innocent others
==> Ex: Mandatory premarital testing for syphilis, for example, is intended
to prevent the spread of a serious communicable disease to innocent
babies and spouses
++> In this instance, society chooses to override the privacy of the
individual to protect the health of the innocent
~~> The harm principle is strengthened when one considers the
vulnerability of the innocent. The duty to protect others from harm is
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, stronger t=when the third party is dependent on others or is in some way
especially vulnerable. This duty is called the Vulnerability Principle
4
Vulnerability implies risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable
individuals have a relative inability to protect themselves
--> Ex: For example, nurses have an absolute duty to report child abuse.
Because children are dependent and vulnerable, they are at greater risk of
harm.
- Coupling of the harm principle with the Vulnerability Principle produces a
rather strong argument for abandoning the principle of Confidentiality in
certain instances
- Actions that are considered ethical are not always found to be legal.
Though there is an ethical basis for subsuming the principle of
Confidentiality in special circumstances, and there is some legal precedent
for doing so, there is legal risk to disclosing sensitive information. There is
dynamic tension between the patient's right to Confidentiality and the duty
to warn innocent others. Nurses need to recognize that careful
consideration of the eth
Justice (Medical Justice) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An ethical principle that relates
to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Nursing Midterm 2025/2026 Exam
1
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Virtue Ethics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Theories of ethics, usually attributed to
Aristotle, that represent the idea that an individual's actions are based upon
innate moral virtue
Character Ethics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Theories of ethics, sometimes called
virtue ethics, that are related to the concept of innate moral virtue
Focal Virtues (I don't think I need this in here) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔This is the
big, green header, which is right after Virtue Ethics and Character Ethics,
on Pg. 49 and it contains the next 4 words being Compassion,
Discernment, Trustworthiness, and Integrity
Compassion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal virtue combining an attitude of active
regard for another's welfare with an imaginative awareness and emotional
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,response of deep sympathy, tenderness, and discomfort at the other
person's misfortune or suffering
2
Discernment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal virtue of sensitive insight, acute
judgment and understanding that results in decisive action
Trustworthiness - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal virtue that results in recognition
by others of one's consistency and predictability in following moral norms
Integrity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Refers to adherence to moral norms that is
sustained over time. Implicit in this is trustworthiness and a consistency of
convictions, actions, and emotions
Privacy (I don't think I need this in here) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔(This is right
before Confidentiality, but I am not sure if it is necessary for it to be in
there, yet it goes right along with what Confidentiality truly is)
- Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal information or
secrets that are disclosed to others
Confidentiality - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ethical principle that requires
nondisclosure of private or secret information with which one is entrusted.
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,In research, it refers to the researcher's assurance to participants that
information provided will not be made public or available to anyone other
3
than those involved in the research process without the participant's
consent
Limits of Confidentiality - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- There are arguments that favor
questioning the absolute obligation of confidentiality in certain situations
--> these arguments include theories related to the principles of harm and
vulnerability
~~> The harm principle can be applied when the nurse or other
professional recognizes that maintaining confidentiality will result in
preventable wrongful hard to innocent others
==> Ex: Mandatory premarital testing for syphilis, for example, is intended
to prevent the spread of a serious communicable disease to innocent
babies and spouses
++> In this instance, society chooses to override the privacy of the
individual to protect the health of the innocent
~~> The harm principle is strengthened when one considers the
vulnerability of the innocent. The duty to protect others from harm is
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, stronger t=when the third party is dependent on others or is in some way
especially vulnerable. This duty is called the Vulnerability Principle
4
Vulnerability implies risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable
individuals have a relative inability to protect themselves
--> Ex: For example, nurses have an absolute duty to report child abuse.
Because children are dependent and vulnerable, they are at greater risk of
harm.
- Coupling of the harm principle with the Vulnerability Principle produces a
rather strong argument for abandoning the principle of Confidentiality in
certain instances
- Actions that are considered ethical are not always found to be legal.
Though there is an ethical basis for subsuming the principle of
Confidentiality in special circumstances, and there is some legal precedent
for doing so, there is legal risk to disclosing sensitive information. There is
dynamic tension between the patient's right to Confidentiality and the duty
to warn innocent others. Nurses need to recognize that careful
consideration of the eth
Justice (Medical Justice) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An ethical principle that relates
to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
