Social Sciences Psychology Social Psychology
Social Influence - AQA A Level Psychology (Paper 1) / AQA
A-level PSYCHOLOGY Psychology in context Merged
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Speech: Exam 1 PN 2002 final review Communications Str
90 terms 112 terms Teacher 15 terms
kelvin_watuka Preview Elizabeth_Whitney33 Preview lucy00122
Conformity - when people adopt the behaviour, attitudes or
values of the majority after being exposed to their values or
What is conformity, and what is it
behaviour.
also known as?
Also known as majority influence.
What are the 3 types of Compliance, internalisation and identification.
conformity?
Accepting the views of the majority, but not really agreeing with
Define compliance (types of
them. As the majority influence is superficial, compliance stops
conformity)
when there are no group pressures to conform to.
aka. acceptance. Shows majority influence because they believe
Define internalisation (types of the values of the majority. No external pressures to conform.
conformity) Personal opinion changes because the new norms are
internalised.
When someone conforms to the demands of a given social role
Define identification (types of in society, even if privately they don't agree with everything the
conformity) group stands for and there is no change to personal opinion.
e.g, teacher, policeman, politician.
What are the two main reasons Normative social influence
why people conform? Informational social influence
Majority exerts (peer) pressure on other group members, making
What is normative social it difficult to deviate from the majority pov. Individual publicly
influence? conforms to avoid rejection or to gain reward, but privately
disagrees - conformity compliance (superficial).
Individual conforms to group norms because they don't know
What is informational social how to act and so looks to the group for guidance, as they
influence? believe them to be experts. Usually occurs in ambiguous
situations.
, What are the 2 real-life Smoking - Linkenbach and Perkins (2003)
examples of normative social Conservation behaviour - Schultz et al. (2008)
influence?
Used campaign aimed at 12-17 yr olds in Montana, USA. Only 10%
Explain Linkenbach and Perkins'
of non-smokers took up smoking following exposure to message
(2003) research into normative
saying people their age don't smoke, compared to 17% in places
social influence.
where the campaign didn't run.
Gathered data from 132 hotels and 794 hotel rooms. Guests who
Explain Schultz et al's (2008)
received a message containing normative information about
research into normative social
other guests ("75% of guests choose to reuse their towels each
influence.
day") reduced their need for fresh towels by 25%.
What are the 2 real-life Development of social stereotypes - Wittenbrink and Henly
examples of informational social (1966)
influence? Mass psychogenic illness - Jones et al. (2000)
Found that participants exposed to negative comparison info
Explain Wittenbrink and Henly's
about African-Americans, that was said to be the beliefs of the
(1966) research into
majority, later reported more negative beliefs about a black
informational social influence.
target individual.
Documented case of mass psychogenic illness in a Tennessee
school in 1998. Teacher noticed smell in her classroom and
Explain Jones et al's (2000) complained of a headache, nausea, shortness of breath, and
research into informational dizziness. 80 students and 19 staff members went to A&E,
social influence. complaining of the same symptoms. No physical cause for their
illness was found - can be explained in terms of informational
influence.
What is the core study on Asch's (1951) Three Line Study.
conformity, and what was its Aimed to see if people would conform to the majority in
aim? unambiguous situations.
Used sample of 123 male American undergraduates. Showed
ppts. (in groups of 7-9) the three lines. Asked to say of the three
was the same length as the standard line shown on the left.
What was the procedure of All of the ppts. in a group bar one were confederates. Asch had
Asch's (1951) Three Line Study? briefed them beforehand about what answer to give.
Confederates were asked to give the incorrect answer 12/18
times.
Naive ppt was always last/2nd last to answer.
On the first two trials, the accomplices gave the correct answer.
On the third trial, all the accomplices gave the same wrong
What controls did Asch use in
answer. Control trial confirmed that the stimulus lines were
his 1951 Three Line Study?
unambiguous. Found that people only made genuine mistakes 1%
of the time - couldn't be reason for any conformity.
What were the findings of Asch's Naive ppt gave the wrong answer 36.8% of the time. 75%
(1951) Three Line Study? conformed at least once over all trials.
Shows the impact that a majority can have on the individual.
What can be concluded from Conformity can be influenced by a need to fit in - most people
Asch's (1951) Three Line Study? said they conformed to avoid rejection. Majority doesn't have
same impact on everyone.
The extent to which participants conform, even when the
What is the Asch effect?
situation is unambiguous.
Social Influence - AQA A Level Psychology (Paper 1) / AQA
A-level PSYCHOLOGY Psychology in context Merged
Question Paper + Mark Scheme
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides Practice tests
Speech: Exam 1 PN 2002 final review Communications Str
90 terms 112 terms Teacher 15 terms
kelvin_watuka Preview Elizabeth_Whitney33 Preview lucy00122
Conformity - when people adopt the behaviour, attitudes or
values of the majority after being exposed to their values or
What is conformity, and what is it
behaviour.
also known as?
Also known as majority influence.
What are the 3 types of Compliance, internalisation and identification.
conformity?
Accepting the views of the majority, but not really agreeing with
Define compliance (types of
them. As the majority influence is superficial, compliance stops
conformity)
when there are no group pressures to conform to.
aka. acceptance. Shows majority influence because they believe
Define internalisation (types of the values of the majority. No external pressures to conform.
conformity) Personal opinion changes because the new norms are
internalised.
When someone conforms to the demands of a given social role
Define identification (types of in society, even if privately they don't agree with everything the
conformity) group stands for and there is no change to personal opinion.
e.g, teacher, policeman, politician.
What are the two main reasons Normative social influence
why people conform? Informational social influence
Majority exerts (peer) pressure on other group members, making
What is normative social it difficult to deviate from the majority pov. Individual publicly
influence? conforms to avoid rejection or to gain reward, but privately
disagrees - conformity compliance (superficial).
Individual conforms to group norms because they don't know
What is informational social how to act and so looks to the group for guidance, as they
influence? believe them to be experts. Usually occurs in ambiguous
situations.
, What are the 2 real-life Smoking - Linkenbach and Perkins (2003)
examples of normative social Conservation behaviour - Schultz et al. (2008)
influence?
Used campaign aimed at 12-17 yr olds in Montana, USA. Only 10%
Explain Linkenbach and Perkins'
of non-smokers took up smoking following exposure to message
(2003) research into normative
saying people their age don't smoke, compared to 17% in places
social influence.
where the campaign didn't run.
Gathered data from 132 hotels and 794 hotel rooms. Guests who
Explain Schultz et al's (2008)
received a message containing normative information about
research into normative social
other guests ("75% of guests choose to reuse their towels each
influence.
day") reduced their need for fresh towels by 25%.
What are the 2 real-life Development of social stereotypes - Wittenbrink and Henly
examples of informational social (1966)
influence? Mass psychogenic illness - Jones et al. (2000)
Found that participants exposed to negative comparison info
Explain Wittenbrink and Henly's
about African-Americans, that was said to be the beliefs of the
(1966) research into
majority, later reported more negative beliefs about a black
informational social influence.
target individual.
Documented case of mass psychogenic illness in a Tennessee
school in 1998. Teacher noticed smell in her classroom and
Explain Jones et al's (2000) complained of a headache, nausea, shortness of breath, and
research into informational dizziness. 80 students and 19 staff members went to A&E,
social influence. complaining of the same symptoms. No physical cause for their
illness was found - can be explained in terms of informational
influence.
What is the core study on Asch's (1951) Three Line Study.
conformity, and what was its Aimed to see if people would conform to the majority in
aim? unambiguous situations.
Used sample of 123 male American undergraduates. Showed
ppts. (in groups of 7-9) the three lines. Asked to say of the three
was the same length as the standard line shown on the left.
What was the procedure of All of the ppts. in a group bar one were confederates. Asch had
Asch's (1951) Three Line Study? briefed them beforehand about what answer to give.
Confederates were asked to give the incorrect answer 12/18
times.
Naive ppt was always last/2nd last to answer.
On the first two trials, the accomplices gave the correct answer.
On the third trial, all the accomplices gave the same wrong
What controls did Asch use in
answer. Control trial confirmed that the stimulus lines were
his 1951 Three Line Study?
unambiguous. Found that people only made genuine mistakes 1%
of the time - couldn't be reason for any conformity.
What were the findings of Asch's Naive ppt gave the wrong answer 36.8% of the time. 75%
(1951) Three Line Study? conformed at least once over all trials.
Shows the impact that a majority can have on the individual.
What can be concluded from Conformity can be influenced by a need to fit in - most people
Asch's (1951) Three Line Study? said they conformed to avoid rejection. Majority doesn't have
same impact on everyone.
The extent to which participants conform, even when the
What is the Asch effect?
situation is unambiguous.
