BKAT CRITICAL CARE REVIEW| 80 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
& CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS || GRADED A+ 2025
1. Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range ANS 2-8 mmHg
2. Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range ANS 6-12 mmHg
3. Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range ANS 20-30 mmHg
4. Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range ANS 5-15 mmHg
5. Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) ANS 11-20 mmHg
6. Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range ANS 800-1200 mmHg
7. Preload ANS volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
8. What is preload affected by? ANS venous return to the heart, atrial kick,
total volume, and ventricular compliance
9. What drugs can affect preload? ANS Furosemide and nitroglycerin
10. Afterload ANS Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out
11. What drugs may affect afterload? ANS Vasoconstricters and vasodilators
12. Contractility ANS the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move
the preload out against the afterload
13. What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? ANS 5-10 m
14. What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? ANS Left ventricle
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, 15. What part of the heart does the CVP affect? ANS Right ventricle
16. What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? ANS Increased left ventricular
end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or
failure
17. What does it mean if CVP is elevated? ANS Fluid overload or decreased
compli- ance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
18. Difference between stable and unstable angina ANS Stable angina ANS pain
happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.
Unstable angina ANS chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent
or lasts longer
19. ECG changes with an acute MI? ANS ST elevation or depression
20. ECG changes with hyperkalemia ANS Peaked T waves
21. What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? ANS Trauma, acute
MI, CABG, and pericarditis
22. What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? ANS to increase
cardiac output
23. What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex)
on preload, afterload, and contractility? ANS They both increase cardiac output,
heart rate, and contractility
24. Special precautions of Nipride ANS It can cause severe hypotension and
cyanide toxicity
25. Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis-
ANS right upper sternal border
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& CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS || GRADED A+ 2025
1. Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range ANS 2-8 mmHg
2. Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range ANS 6-12 mmHg
3. Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range ANS 20-30 mmHg
4. Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range ANS 5-15 mmHg
5. Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) ANS 11-20 mmHg
6. Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range ANS 800-1200 mmHg
7. Preload ANS volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
8. What is preload affected by? ANS venous return to the heart, atrial kick,
total volume, and ventricular compliance
9. What drugs can affect preload? ANS Furosemide and nitroglycerin
10. Afterload ANS Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out
11. What drugs may affect afterload? ANS Vasoconstricters and vasodilators
12. Contractility ANS the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move
the preload out against the afterload
13. What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? ANS 5-10 m
14. What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? ANS Left ventricle
1/7
, 15. What part of the heart does the CVP affect? ANS Right ventricle
16. What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? ANS Increased left ventricular
end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or
failure
17. What does it mean if CVP is elevated? ANS Fluid overload or decreased
compli- ance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
18. Difference between stable and unstable angina ANS Stable angina ANS pain
happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.
Unstable angina ANS chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent
or lasts longer
19. ECG changes with an acute MI? ANS ST elevation or depression
20. ECG changes with hyperkalemia ANS Peaked T waves
21. What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? ANS Trauma, acute
MI, CABG, and pericarditis
22. What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? ANS to increase
cardiac output
23. What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex)
on preload, afterload, and contractility? ANS They both increase cardiac output,
heart rate, and contractility
24. Special precautions of Nipride ANS It can cause severe hypotension and
cyanide toxicity
25. Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis-
ANS right upper sternal border
2/7
