Nutrition Exam 2
name one of the three macronutrients *** carbs
carbs are *** an important energy source, especially for nerve cells
what atoms are carbon composed off *** carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
what are carbs *** glucose
glucose is *** the most abundant carb
what is glucose produced by *** produced by plants through photosynthesis
what is an important source of energy for all cells *** glucose
photosynthesis *** energy from sun, oxygen from plant to air, carbon dioxide from air, glucose stored in
plant as starch, and water
simple carbs *** contain one or two molecules
2 types of simple carbs *** monosaccharides and disaccharides
define monosaccharides *** contain only one molecue
examples of monosaccharides *** glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
,define disaccharides *** contain two molecules
examples of disaccharides *** lactose, maltose, sucrose
glucose + galactose = *** lactose
glucose + glucose = *** maltose
glucose + fructose = *** sucrose
complex carb *** polysaccharides
3 types of polysaccharides *** starch, glycogen, fiber
function of starch *** storage form of glucose in plants
where are starches found *** grains, legumes, and tubers
function of glycogen *** storage form of glucose in animals
where is glycogen stored *** in liver and muscles
function of fiber *** forms the support structures of leaves, stems, and plants
,we digest (break down) starch into *** glucose
what stores glucose as polysaccharides in the form of starch *** plants
our cells cannot... *** use complex starch molecules exactly as they occur in plants
example of grains in starches *** wheat, rice, oats
example of legumes in starches *** beans, peanuts, lentils
example of tubers in starches *** potatoes, ginger, jicama are good sources of dietary starch
glycogen is not found in *** food and therefore not a dietary source of carb
animals store blank as polysaccharides in the form of blank *** glucose, glycogen
two types of fiber *** dietary fiber and functional fiber
define dietary fiber *** the nondigestible part of plants that form the support structures of leaves,
stems, and seeds
define functional fiber *** nondigestible form of carb with known health benefits, which is extracted
from plants and added to foods
examples of functional fibers *** cellulose, guar gum, pectin, psyllium
, define celluose *** provides the main structural component of plant cell walls
how to calculate total fiber *** total fiber = dietary + functional fiber
dietary fiber is also classified by *** solubility
define soluble fiber *** dissolves in water
what does soluble fiber do *** reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes by lowering
blood cholesterol and glucose levels
where are soluble fibers found *** citrus fruits, berries, oats, and beans
what is easily digested in the colon *** soluble fiber
soluble fiber is *** viscous and fermentable
define insoluble fibers *** generally do not dissolve in water
where are insoluble fibers found *** whole grains (wheat, rye, brown rice) and many vegetables
function of insoluble fibers *** promote regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and reduce
risk of diverticulosis
one reason as to why we need carbs *** energy
name one of the three macronutrients *** carbs
carbs are *** an important energy source, especially for nerve cells
what atoms are carbon composed off *** carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
what are carbs *** glucose
glucose is *** the most abundant carb
what is glucose produced by *** produced by plants through photosynthesis
what is an important source of energy for all cells *** glucose
photosynthesis *** energy from sun, oxygen from plant to air, carbon dioxide from air, glucose stored in
plant as starch, and water
simple carbs *** contain one or two molecules
2 types of simple carbs *** monosaccharides and disaccharides
define monosaccharides *** contain only one molecue
examples of monosaccharides *** glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
,define disaccharides *** contain two molecules
examples of disaccharides *** lactose, maltose, sucrose
glucose + galactose = *** lactose
glucose + glucose = *** maltose
glucose + fructose = *** sucrose
complex carb *** polysaccharides
3 types of polysaccharides *** starch, glycogen, fiber
function of starch *** storage form of glucose in plants
where are starches found *** grains, legumes, and tubers
function of glycogen *** storage form of glucose in animals
where is glycogen stored *** in liver and muscles
function of fiber *** forms the support structures of leaves, stems, and plants
,we digest (break down) starch into *** glucose
what stores glucose as polysaccharides in the form of starch *** plants
our cells cannot... *** use complex starch molecules exactly as they occur in plants
example of grains in starches *** wheat, rice, oats
example of legumes in starches *** beans, peanuts, lentils
example of tubers in starches *** potatoes, ginger, jicama are good sources of dietary starch
glycogen is not found in *** food and therefore not a dietary source of carb
animals store blank as polysaccharides in the form of blank *** glucose, glycogen
two types of fiber *** dietary fiber and functional fiber
define dietary fiber *** the nondigestible part of plants that form the support structures of leaves,
stems, and seeds
define functional fiber *** nondigestible form of carb with known health benefits, which is extracted
from plants and added to foods
examples of functional fibers *** cellulose, guar gum, pectin, psyllium
, define celluose *** provides the main structural component of plant cell walls
how to calculate total fiber *** total fiber = dietary + functional fiber
dietary fiber is also classified by *** solubility
define soluble fiber *** dissolves in water
what does soluble fiber do *** reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes by lowering
blood cholesterol and glucose levels
where are soluble fibers found *** citrus fruits, berries, oats, and beans
what is easily digested in the colon *** soluble fiber
soluble fiber is *** viscous and fermentable
define insoluble fibers *** generally do not dissolve in water
where are insoluble fibers found *** whole grains (wheat, rye, brown rice) and many vegetables
function of insoluble fibers *** promote regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and reduce
risk of diverticulosis
one reason as to why we need carbs *** energy
