R d V of Classicaon
AO1
• level of agreement on diagnosed by different psychiatrist across time and culture
• DSM - APA - 2 or more ch symptoms
• ICD -10 - WHO - 1 first rank , 2 nd
• only thought echo - diagnosis using ICD nto DSM
S : CHENIAUX
• two psychiatrist independently diagnosed 100 patients using DSM or ICD
• 1 made 44 diagnoses other 13 w/ ICD
S: CONSEQUENCES
• false neg - not receive nes treatment - sch gets worse w/ time
Co- morbidity
• two or more conditions together in the same patient at the same time
• Confusion over which disorder
• May also suffer from depression or PTSD
• schizophrenia actually suffer distinct disorder
S: BUCKLEY
• meta analysis
• Patients with schizophrenia diagnosis also had depression, PTSD and OCD
• Professionals may not be good at telling difference between schizophrenia and other disorders
• E.g: severe depression may look like schizophrenia
S: ROSENHAN
• eat healthy individuals were told to fake auditory hallucinations: 'empty , hollow thud'
• Seven diagnosis, schizophrenia, one diagnosed bipolar
• psychiatrist not rel diag - diff conditions same symptoms , not valid - real or pseudopatient
W: MANUALS IMPROVING
• categories and definitions more details and operationalised
• ICD + DSM very similar
• 97% of reliability
• Many people valid and reliable diagnosis
• Eff treatments + recover normal level of functioning
, Bio Explaons
AO1
GENETIC:
• DNA + Mutations
• Strong pos correlation between gen similarity of family + likelihood of developing
• GOTTESMAN: more gen similarity to sch greater chance:
• MZ = 48%. DZ = 17%
COMT GENE
• near doubled risk of sch
• Abnormal exp -> depletes frontal lobe of dopamine
• explain psychosis - pos symptom
AO3
W: CONC NOT 100%
• psych infl
• Gen f alone cannot prove compl expl
• Share same environment MZ
S: TIENARI
• 155 given for adoption
• 10 times more likely
W: TIENARI
• maj adopted home 'abnormal'
W: INTERACTIONIST
• N + N - diathesis stress
AO1
• level of agreement on diagnosed by different psychiatrist across time and culture
• DSM - APA - 2 or more ch symptoms
• ICD -10 - WHO - 1 first rank , 2 nd
• only thought echo - diagnosis using ICD nto DSM
S : CHENIAUX
• two psychiatrist independently diagnosed 100 patients using DSM or ICD
• 1 made 44 diagnoses other 13 w/ ICD
S: CONSEQUENCES
• false neg - not receive nes treatment - sch gets worse w/ time
Co- morbidity
• two or more conditions together in the same patient at the same time
• Confusion over which disorder
• May also suffer from depression or PTSD
• schizophrenia actually suffer distinct disorder
S: BUCKLEY
• meta analysis
• Patients with schizophrenia diagnosis also had depression, PTSD and OCD
• Professionals may not be good at telling difference between schizophrenia and other disorders
• E.g: severe depression may look like schizophrenia
S: ROSENHAN
• eat healthy individuals were told to fake auditory hallucinations: 'empty , hollow thud'
• Seven diagnosis, schizophrenia, one diagnosed bipolar
• psychiatrist not rel diag - diff conditions same symptoms , not valid - real or pseudopatient
W: MANUALS IMPROVING
• categories and definitions more details and operationalised
• ICD + DSM very similar
• 97% of reliability
• Many people valid and reliable diagnosis
• Eff treatments + recover normal level of functioning
, Bio Explaons
AO1
GENETIC:
• DNA + Mutations
• Strong pos correlation between gen similarity of family + likelihood of developing
• GOTTESMAN: more gen similarity to sch greater chance:
• MZ = 48%. DZ = 17%
COMT GENE
• near doubled risk of sch
• Abnormal exp -> depletes frontal lobe of dopamine
• explain psychosis - pos symptom
AO3
W: CONC NOT 100%
• psych infl
• Gen f alone cannot prove compl expl
• Share same environment MZ
S: TIENARI
• 155 given for adoption
• 10 times more likely
W: TIENARI
• maj adopted home 'abnormal'
W: INTERACTIONIST
• N + N - diathesis stress
