,Chapterp01:pIntroductionptopImagingpandpRadiologicpSciences
Adler:pIntroductionptopRadiologicpandpImagingpSciencespandpPatientpCare,p8thpEdition
MULTIPLEpCHOICE
1. Thepusepofpx-raysptopcreatepapmedicalpimageponppatientspispreferredptopas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticpresonancepimaging.
ANS:p p B
Radiographypispthepmakingpofprecordspofpinternalpstructurespofpthepbodypbyppassagepofpx-
raysporpgammaprayspthroughpthepbody.pTheseprecordsporpimagespareptypicallypreferredptopaspradi
ographs.
REF: p.p4
2. Particularpcarepmustpbeptakenpwhenpusingpradiationpforpmedicalpimaging.pThispispthepresultpofpr
adiation’spabilityptopcreatep inphumanptissuepandppossiblepbiochemicalpchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radiopwaves
c. soundpwaves
d. thermalpchanges
ANS:p p A
Somepformspofpelectromagneticpenergy,pincludingpx-
rays,phavepthepabilityptopionizepatomspinpmatter.pThesepionizationsphavepthepabilityptopdisruptpth
epcompositionpofpmatterpandparepcapablepofpdisruptingplifepprocesses.pSpecialpprotectionpshoul
dpbepprovidedptoppreventpexcessivepexposureptopionizingpradiation.
REF: p.p3
3. Inpthepdiagnosispofppatientpdiseasepstates,pphysicianspcanpselectpfrompanparraypofpmedicalpdiag
nosticpmodalities.pApfewpofpthesepinvolvepthepusepofpionizingpenergyptopcreatepapmedicalpimag
e.pIfpapphysicianpispconcernedpaboutpthepusepofpionizingpradiation,pheporpshepmaypchooseptopord
erpanypofpthepfollowingpdiagnosticpmodalitiespEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicalpsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticpresonancepimaging.
ANS:p p C
Radiographypinvolvespthepusepofpx-
rayspforpthepproductionpofpmedicalpimages.pMedicalpprocedurespsuchpaspthermograms,psonogra
ms,pandpmagneticpresonancepscanspusepnonionizingpenergypformspandpconsequentlypdopnotppro
ducepionizationspinphumanptissue.pTheyparepregardedpaspnonionizingpmodalitiespforpimagingpan
dpofferpexcellentpalternativesptopphysicianspconcernedpaboutpradiationpexposureptoppatients.
, REF:p p pp.p3-4
4. ThepGreekpphysicianpHippocratespispregardedpaspthepfatherpofpWesternpmedicine.pAllpofpthepf
ollowingpchoicesprepresentphispmedicalpbeliefspEXCEPTpthe
a. usepofphighpethicalpstandardspofpconduct.
b. importantpmedicalpvaluepofpsorcerypandpwitchcraft.
c. importancepofpcloselypmonitoringpappatient’spconditionpandprecovery.
d. valuepofpdietpandpexercisepandpallowingpnatureptoptakepitspcoursepinprecovery.
ANS:p p B
ThepHippocraticpCorpuspispwritingspthatptheypemphasizeprationalpandpnaturalpexplanationspforpt
heptreatmentpofpdiseasepandprejectpsorcerypandpmagic.pThepHippocraticpoathpstillpgovernspthepet
hicalpconductpofpphysiciansptoday.
REF: p.p5
5. Throughoutpthephistorypofpmedicine,premarkablepachievementsphavepbeenprecorded.pThesep
eventsphavepledptopourpcurrentpunderstandingpofpthephumanporganismpandpdisease.pAspthispre
searchpcontinues,pmuchpofpitpwillpmostplikelypfocuspon
a. properpsanitationpandppublicphealth.
b. immunologypandpthepdevelopmentpofpvaccines.
c. germptheorypandpinfection.
d. humanpgenespandpgeneticpengineering.
ANS:p p D
AlthoughpthepHumanpGenomepProjectpispfinished,panalysespofpthepdatapwillpcontinuepforpmany
pyears.pThepreplacementpofpfaultypgenespthroughpgeneptherapypoffersppromisespofpcurespforpapva
rietypofphereditarypdiseases,pandpthroughpgeneticpengineering,pimportantppharmaceuticalspcont
inueptopbepdeveloped.pMedicalpresearchpwillpcontinueptopfocusponpthepgeneticpcodepinpallpcells.
REF: p.p6
6. WilhelmpC.pRoentgen’spdiscoverypofp“thepx-
ray”pispregardedpasponepofpmedicine’spmostpsignificantpachievements.pAlthoughphispdiscover
ypwaspaccidental,phispearlypresearchpwaspsopthoroughpthatpnopsignificantpfindingsphavepbeenpa
ddedptophisporiginalptheories.pThispinpitselfpispaptrueptributeptopthepbrilliancepofpRoentgenpaspaps
cientist.pOnepofpthepmostpfamouspearlypimagesphepcreatedpwaspanpx-raypimagepofphis
a. colon.
b. laboratorypassistant’spfoot.
c. wife’sphand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:p p C
Novemberp8,p1895,pispbelievedpbyphistoriansptopbepthepdaypthatpRoentgenpcreatedpthepfamouspi
magepofpthephandpofphispwife.pThroughphispinvestigativepmethods,pRoentgenpidentifiedptheppro
pertiespofpx-rays.
REF: p.p6
, 7. Apvaluablepx-raypprocedurepusedptopdiagnosepapmyocardialpinfarctionpis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronaryparteriography.
ANS:p p D
Coronaryparteriographypispanpextremelypvaluableptoolpinpdiagnosingpatherosclerosis,pwhichpca
npblockpthepcoronaryparteriespandpcausepapheartpattackp(myocardialpinfarction).pBypwaypofpapspe
cialpcatheterpwithpapballoonptip,peffectiveptreatmentpofpatherosclerosispisppossible.pThisptreatme
ntpofpapblockedpbloodpvesselpisptermedpangioplasty.pAngioplastypispusedptoptreatppatientspwitho
utphavingptopusepinvasivepopen-heartpsurgery.
REF: p.p8
8. AllpofpthepfollowingpareptruepofpthepdiagnosticpprocedurepofpmammographypEXCEPT
a. itpispverypvaluablepforpthepdetectionpofpearlypbreastpcancers.
b. thepprocedurespmaypbepperformedpusingpapgeneralpradiographicpmachine.
c. radiographerspneedptopbepspeciallyptrainedpinporderptopperformpmammography.
d. radiographerspmustpbepcertifiedpbypthepARRTptopqualifypforpthepmammographyp
examination.
ANS:p p B
Specialpbreastpimagingpcentersphavepbeenpbuiltptopaccommodatepthepdemandpforpmammograph
ypprocedures.pEquipmentpandpsupplies,psuchpaspapspeciallypdesignedpx-rayptubepandphigh-
resolutionpdigitalpimagingpdetectors,parepusedptopcreatephigh-
qualitypbreastpimages.pMammographypcannotpbepperformedpusingpgeneralpx-raypequipment.
REF: p.p8
9. Topstudypthepbloodpvesselspofpthepbrain,pkidneys,pliver,pandpotherporgans,pcontrastpmaterialpispa
dministeredpintopthesepvesselspbypusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. nonepofpthepabove.
ANS:p p A
Angiographypisptheptermpforpradiologicpexaminationpofpthepbloodpvesselspafterpinjectionpofpapc
ontrastpmedium.pMostpoften,pthepcontrastpmaterialpispinjectedpthroughpapcatheter,pwhichpcanpbe
pdirectedptopapvarietypofpmajorparteriesporpveinspforpvisualizationpofpthesepstructures.
REF: p.p8
10. Radiologicpsciencepcontinuesptopbeponepofpthepmostpexcitingpprofessionspinpmedicine.pAnpi
magingpmodalitypthatpusespnopionizingpradiationpandpthepenergypofpradiopwavespandpmagn
eticpfieldspis
a. nuclearpimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
Adler:pIntroductionptopRadiologicpandpImagingpSciencespandpPatientpCare,p8thpEdition
MULTIPLEpCHOICE
1. Thepusepofpx-raysptopcreatepapmedicalpimageponppatientspispreferredptopas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticpresonancepimaging.
ANS:p p B
Radiographypispthepmakingpofprecordspofpinternalpstructurespofpthepbodypbyppassagepofpx-
raysporpgammaprayspthroughpthepbody.pTheseprecordsporpimagespareptypicallypreferredptopaspradi
ographs.
REF: p.p4
2. Particularpcarepmustpbeptakenpwhenpusingpradiationpforpmedicalpimaging.pThispispthepresultpofpr
adiation’spabilityptopcreatep inphumanptissuepandppossiblepbiochemicalpchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radiopwaves
c. soundpwaves
d. thermalpchanges
ANS:p p A
Somepformspofpelectromagneticpenergy,pincludingpx-
rays,phavepthepabilityptopionizepatomspinpmatter.pThesepionizationsphavepthepabilityptopdisruptpth
epcompositionpofpmatterpandparepcapablepofpdisruptingplifepprocesses.pSpecialpprotectionpshoul
dpbepprovidedptoppreventpexcessivepexposureptopionizingpradiation.
REF: p.p3
3. Inpthepdiagnosispofppatientpdiseasepstates,pphysicianspcanpselectpfrompanparraypofpmedicalpdiag
nosticpmodalities.pApfewpofpthesepinvolvepthepusepofpionizingpenergyptopcreatepapmedicalpimag
e.pIfpapphysicianpispconcernedpaboutpthepusepofpionizingpradiation,pheporpshepmaypchooseptopord
erpanypofpthepfollowingpdiagnosticpmodalitiespEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicalpsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticpresonancepimaging.
ANS:p p C
Radiographypinvolvespthepusepofpx-
rayspforpthepproductionpofpmedicalpimages.pMedicalpprocedurespsuchpaspthermograms,psonogra
ms,pandpmagneticpresonancepscanspusepnonionizingpenergypformspandpconsequentlypdopnotppro
ducepionizationspinphumanptissue.pTheyparepregardedpaspnonionizingpmodalitiespforpimagingpan
dpofferpexcellentpalternativesptopphysicianspconcernedpaboutpradiationpexposureptoppatients.
, REF:p p pp.p3-4
4. ThepGreekpphysicianpHippocratespispregardedpaspthepfatherpofpWesternpmedicine.pAllpofpthepf
ollowingpchoicesprepresentphispmedicalpbeliefspEXCEPTpthe
a. usepofphighpethicalpstandardspofpconduct.
b. importantpmedicalpvaluepofpsorcerypandpwitchcraft.
c. importancepofpcloselypmonitoringpappatient’spconditionpandprecovery.
d. valuepofpdietpandpexercisepandpallowingpnatureptoptakepitspcoursepinprecovery.
ANS:p p B
ThepHippocraticpCorpuspispwritingspthatptheypemphasizeprationalpandpnaturalpexplanationspforpt
heptreatmentpofpdiseasepandprejectpsorcerypandpmagic.pThepHippocraticpoathpstillpgovernspthepet
hicalpconductpofpphysiciansptoday.
REF: p.p5
5. Throughoutpthephistorypofpmedicine,premarkablepachievementsphavepbeenprecorded.pThesep
eventsphavepledptopourpcurrentpunderstandingpofpthephumanporganismpandpdisease.pAspthispre
searchpcontinues,pmuchpofpitpwillpmostplikelypfocuspon
a. properpsanitationpandppublicphealth.
b. immunologypandpthepdevelopmentpofpvaccines.
c. germptheorypandpinfection.
d. humanpgenespandpgeneticpengineering.
ANS:p p D
AlthoughpthepHumanpGenomepProjectpispfinished,panalysespofpthepdatapwillpcontinuepforpmany
pyears.pThepreplacementpofpfaultypgenespthroughpgeneptherapypoffersppromisespofpcurespforpapva
rietypofphereditarypdiseases,pandpthroughpgeneticpengineering,pimportantppharmaceuticalspcont
inueptopbepdeveloped.pMedicalpresearchpwillpcontinueptopfocusponpthepgeneticpcodepinpallpcells.
REF: p.p6
6. WilhelmpC.pRoentgen’spdiscoverypofp“thepx-
ray”pispregardedpasponepofpmedicine’spmostpsignificantpachievements.pAlthoughphispdiscover
ypwaspaccidental,phispearlypresearchpwaspsopthoroughpthatpnopsignificantpfindingsphavepbeenpa
ddedptophisporiginalptheories.pThispinpitselfpispaptrueptributeptopthepbrilliancepofpRoentgenpaspaps
cientist.pOnepofpthepmostpfamouspearlypimagesphepcreatedpwaspanpx-raypimagepofphis
a. colon.
b. laboratorypassistant’spfoot.
c. wife’sphand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:p p C
Novemberp8,p1895,pispbelievedpbyphistoriansptopbepthepdaypthatpRoentgenpcreatedpthepfamouspi
magepofpthephandpofphispwife.pThroughphispinvestigativepmethods,pRoentgenpidentifiedptheppro
pertiespofpx-rays.
REF: p.p6
, 7. Apvaluablepx-raypprocedurepusedptopdiagnosepapmyocardialpinfarctionpis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronaryparteriography.
ANS:p p D
Coronaryparteriographypispanpextremelypvaluableptoolpinpdiagnosingpatherosclerosis,pwhichpca
npblockpthepcoronaryparteriespandpcausepapheartpattackp(myocardialpinfarction).pBypwaypofpapspe
cialpcatheterpwithpapballoonptip,peffectiveptreatmentpofpatherosclerosispisppossible.pThisptreatme
ntpofpapblockedpbloodpvesselpisptermedpangioplasty.pAngioplastypispusedptoptreatppatientspwitho
utphavingptopusepinvasivepopen-heartpsurgery.
REF: p.p8
8. AllpofpthepfollowingpareptruepofpthepdiagnosticpprocedurepofpmammographypEXCEPT
a. itpispverypvaluablepforpthepdetectionpofpearlypbreastpcancers.
b. thepprocedurespmaypbepperformedpusingpapgeneralpradiographicpmachine.
c. radiographerspneedptopbepspeciallyptrainedpinporderptopperformpmammography.
d. radiographerspmustpbepcertifiedpbypthepARRTptopqualifypforpthepmammographyp
examination.
ANS:p p B
Specialpbreastpimagingpcentersphavepbeenpbuiltptopaccommodatepthepdemandpforpmammograph
ypprocedures.pEquipmentpandpsupplies,psuchpaspapspeciallypdesignedpx-rayptubepandphigh-
resolutionpdigitalpimagingpdetectors,parepusedptopcreatephigh-
qualitypbreastpimages.pMammographypcannotpbepperformedpusingpgeneralpx-raypequipment.
REF: p.p8
9. Topstudypthepbloodpvesselspofpthepbrain,pkidneys,pliver,pandpotherporgans,pcontrastpmaterialpispa
dministeredpintopthesepvesselspbypusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. nonepofpthepabove.
ANS:p p A
Angiographypisptheptermpforpradiologicpexaminationpofpthepbloodpvesselspafterpinjectionpofpapc
ontrastpmedium.pMostpoften,pthepcontrastpmaterialpispinjectedpthroughpapcatheter,pwhichpcanpbe
pdirectedptopapvarietypofpmajorparteriesporpveinspforpvisualizationpofpthesepstructures.
REF: p.p8
10. Radiologicpsciencepcontinuesptopbeponepofpthepmostpexcitingpprofessionspinpmedicine.pAnpi
magingpmodalitypthatpusespnopionizingpradiationpandpthepenergypofpradiopwavespandpmagn
eticpfieldspis
a. nuclearpimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
