BIOC 3021- EXAM 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 | VERIFIED
Catabolism - Processes that break down food for energy and building blocks
-Example: glycolysis
Anabolism - Processes that use energy and building blocks to make molecules we need
-Example: photosynthesis
Sun - All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________.
-Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons to higher energy orbitals
(excited state)
-Excited electrons store energy and can transfer it to other molecules in redox reactions
-Constant influx of energy to resist entropy
Oxidized - Food is _______ to collect high energy electrons that are then used to drive reactions
Coupled reactions - A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction (postive ΔG) can be made to occur
if coupled with a thermodynamically favorable reaction (negative ΔG)
-Overall negative ΔG
Kinase - An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from one molecule to another
Coenzyme - A low molecular weight organic compound, which in cooperation with an enzyme,
facilitates catalysis of a reaction
-Often have a component that is derived from a vitamin
Vitamin - A nutritional requirement since the organism is unable to biosynthesize an adequate
amount for its own use
NAD+ - A coenzyme that collects electrons released during catabolism; is reduced to NADH
-Form of stored chemical energy (electron carrier)
, -Provides energy upon oxidation that drives synthesis of ATP
Niacin - Vitamin component of NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) -
2- The reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves _____ the transfer of ________ electrons.
FAD - An electron carrier that is reduced to FADH2
Glycolysis - The first step in the process of oxidizing glucose to get energy from the molecule;
most common pathway to harvest energy
-Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 ATP
-Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
Glucose - The main fuel for human bodies; contains a lot of reduced carbon
Facilitated diffusion - Glucose enters into cells through three pathways: 1) diffusion, 2)
__________ and 3) active transport
-The 2nd pathway listed uses the transport protein Glut-1
Investment phase - The first phase of glycolysis (Reactions 1-5); breaks glucose into two molecules
of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-Requires the spending of two ATP molecules (increasing free energy of glucose)
Payoff phase - The second phase of glycolysis (Reactions 6-10); convert the two glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate into two pyruvate molecules
-Generates four ATP molecules
Catabolism - Processes that break down food for energy and building blocks
-Example: glycolysis
Anabolism - Processes that use energy and building blocks to make molecules we need
-Example: photosynthesis
Sun - All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________.
-Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons to higher energy orbitals
(excited state)
-Excited electrons store energy and can transfer it to other molecules in redox reactions
-Constant influx of energy to resist entropy
Oxidized - Food is _______ to collect high energy electrons that are then used to drive reactions
Coupled reactions - A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction (postive ΔG) can be made to occur
if coupled with a thermodynamically favorable reaction (negative ΔG)
-Overall negative ΔG
Kinase - An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from one molecule to another
Coenzyme - A low molecular weight organic compound, which in cooperation with an enzyme,
facilitates catalysis of a reaction
-Often have a component that is derived from a vitamin
Vitamin - A nutritional requirement since the organism is unable to biosynthesize an adequate
amount for its own use
NAD+ - A coenzyme that collects electrons released during catabolism; is reduced to NADH
-Form of stored chemical energy (electron carrier)
, -Provides energy upon oxidation that drives synthesis of ATP
Niacin - Vitamin component of NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) -
2- The reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves _____ the transfer of ________ electrons.
FAD - An electron carrier that is reduced to FADH2
Glycolysis - The first step in the process of oxidizing glucose to get energy from the molecule;
most common pathway to harvest energy
-Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 ATP
-Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
Glucose - The main fuel for human bodies; contains a lot of reduced carbon
Facilitated diffusion - Glucose enters into cells through three pathways: 1) diffusion, 2)
__________ and 3) active transport
-The 2nd pathway listed uses the transport protein Glut-1
Investment phase - The first phase of glycolysis (Reactions 1-5); breaks glucose into two molecules
of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-Requires the spending of two ATP molecules (increasing free energy of glucose)
Payoff phase - The second phase of glycolysis (Reactions 6-10); convert the two glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate into two pyruvate molecules
-Generates four ATP molecules
