BIOC 3021 LECTURE 1 REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 |
VERIFIED
What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic compounds? -
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in living
organisms? - Covalent bonds share electrons between the two atoms. They are the strongest type
of bond and are relatively permanent in living organisms.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What combinations of atoms are
involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? - In nonpolar covalent bonds the electrons are
shared evenly between the atoms. In polar covalent bonds they are shared unequally. Polar covalent
bonds occur between atoms with unequal electronegativities.
What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic substances in the
aqueous environment of living organisms? - In biological systems the most common ionic
elements are minerals like Na, K, Cl, Ca. They can also include charged organic functional groups like
carboxyl and amino. In aqueous solution these bonds tend to be transient because water stabilizes
hydrate ions.
What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen bonding? What is the
importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? - Hydrogen bonds occur between a partially
positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom, normally oxygen or nitrogen. Alpha-helix and
beta-sheet structures in proteins, enzyme-substrate complexes, and base pair matching in DNA and RNA
all occur due to the collective power of hydrogen bonds.
What are two types of nonpolar bonds? Why do nonpolar molecules aggregate together in water? -
van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Nonpolar molecules aggregate because
water prefers to have the strongest interactions possible, which tend to be interactions with other water
molecules or other polar molecules.
What is pH and how does it relate to the molarity of hydrogen ion in solution? - pH is a measure
of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. It is equal to -log([H+]).
VERIFIED
What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic compounds? -
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in living
organisms? - Covalent bonds share electrons between the two atoms. They are the strongest type
of bond and are relatively permanent in living organisms.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What combinations of atoms are
involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? - In nonpolar covalent bonds the electrons are
shared evenly between the atoms. In polar covalent bonds they are shared unequally. Polar covalent
bonds occur between atoms with unequal electronegativities.
What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic substances in the
aqueous environment of living organisms? - In biological systems the most common ionic
elements are minerals like Na, K, Cl, Ca. They can also include charged organic functional groups like
carboxyl and amino. In aqueous solution these bonds tend to be transient because water stabilizes
hydrate ions.
What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen bonding? What is the
importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? - Hydrogen bonds occur between a partially
positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom, normally oxygen or nitrogen. Alpha-helix and
beta-sheet structures in proteins, enzyme-substrate complexes, and base pair matching in DNA and RNA
all occur due to the collective power of hydrogen bonds.
What are two types of nonpolar bonds? Why do nonpolar molecules aggregate together in water? -
van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Nonpolar molecules aggregate because
water prefers to have the strongest interactions possible, which tend to be interactions with other water
molecules or other polar molecules.
What is pH and how does it relate to the molarity of hydrogen ion in solution? - pH is a measure
of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. It is equal to -log([H+]).
