BIOC 3021 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ACCUARATE ANSWERS 2024/2025 |
VERIFIED
What are the major elements in living organisms? - C, H, O, N
What are the minor elements in living organisms? - P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl
What are trace elements in living organisms? - Fe, Zn, Cu
What are the 4 types of chemical bonds? - 1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen Bonds
4. Weak Non-Polar Interactions
- van der Waals
- hydrophobic interactions
What are the 5 unique properties of water? - 1. Cohesiveness/adhesiveness
2. High heat capacity
3. High heat of vaporization
4. Expansion upon freezing
5. Versatility as a solvent
What is a Bronsted Acid?
What is an Bronsted Base? - Acid = proton donor
Base = proton acceptor
How do you calculate pH? - -log[H3O+]
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? - pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
, How do you calculate the buffer range of a solution? - pKa +/- 1
What is the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system? What are its benefits? - CO2 + H2O <->
H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+
pKa = 6.1, but CO2 can be removed or retained by respiration which can shift equilibrium.
Oxidation Levels of Carbon - Reduced -> Oxidized
Alkane, Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Carbon Dioxide
Catabolism - releases energy by oxidizing carbon atoms by moving them to a higher oxidation
state
Anabolism - uses energy to reduce carbon atoms by moving them to a lower oxidation state
Reduced carbon - contains energy that the cell can use. because it is fully reduced, it can be
oxidized by using oxygen as the oxidizing agent and thus release the energy
Oxidized carbon - has no energy that the cell can capture, only plants can extract energy and
convert it to food source (photosynthesis)
Stereoisomers - D (R in organic chemistry) and L (S in organic chemistry)
L is the preferred form in nature
Non-Polar Amino Acids - Alanine (Ala)
Valine (Val)
Leucine (Leu)
IsoLuecine (Ile)
Methionine (Met)
Proline (Pro)
VERIFIED
What are the major elements in living organisms? - C, H, O, N
What are the minor elements in living organisms? - P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl
What are trace elements in living organisms? - Fe, Zn, Cu
What are the 4 types of chemical bonds? - 1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen Bonds
4. Weak Non-Polar Interactions
- van der Waals
- hydrophobic interactions
What are the 5 unique properties of water? - 1. Cohesiveness/adhesiveness
2. High heat capacity
3. High heat of vaporization
4. Expansion upon freezing
5. Versatility as a solvent
What is a Bronsted Acid?
What is an Bronsted Base? - Acid = proton donor
Base = proton acceptor
How do you calculate pH? - -log[H3O+]
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? - pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
, How do you calculate the buffer range of a solution? - pKa +/- 1
What is the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system? What are its benefits? - CO2 + H2O <->
H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+
pKa = 6.1, but CO2 can be removed or retained by respiration which can shift equilibrium.
Oxidation Levels of Carbon - Reduced -> Oxidized
Alkane, Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Carbon Dioxide
Catabolism - releases energy by oxidizing carbon atoms by moving them to a higher oxidation
state
Anabolism - uses energy to reduce carbon atoms by moving them to a lower oxidation state
Reduced carbon - contains energy that the cell can use. because it is fully reduced, it can be
oxidized by using oxygen as the oxidizing agent and thus release the energy
Oxidized carbon - has no energy that the cell can capture, only plants can extract energy and
convert it to food source (photosynthesis)
Stereoisomers - D (R in organic chemistry) and L (S in organic chemistry)
L is the preferred form in nature
Non-Polar Amino Acids - Alanine (Ala)
Valine (Val)
Leucine (Leu)
IsoLuecine (Ile)
Methionine (Met)
Proline (Pro)
