HONDROS BIO 117 ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TEST COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) 100% SOLVED 2025!!
What is the mitochondria? - ANSWER✔✔-power house of the cell and produces and
supplies the cell with energy(ATP production)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - ANSWER✔✔-a network of membranous tubules
within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It
usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
(protein (rough ER),Steroid synthesis (smooth ER) )
What is the golgi apparatus? - ANSWER✔✔-Another membrane of the cell which is
used for transportation throughout the cell
(packaging and transporting proteins)
What are lysosomes? - ANSWER✔✔-cleaning up cell debris
What are the types of passive transport? - ANSWER✔✔-diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
diffusion
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 1
,What is osmosis? - ANSWER✔✔-movement of water across a membrane
What is filtration? - ANSWER✔✔-Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from
higher to lower pressure, no energy required
What are the types of active transport? - ANSWER✔✔-protein pumps, endocytosis,
exocytosis
What in the purpose of the sodium/potassium pump? - ANSWER✔✔-It is a transport
pump for Na+/K+ for nerve conduction
What is endocytosis used for? - ANSWER✔✔-take in large molecules
What is exocytosis? - ANSWER✔✔-materials are exported out of the cell (energy
required)
What are the types of macromolecules? - ANSWER✔✔-carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule? - ANSWER✔✔-a molecule containing a very large number of
atoms
What are the types carbohydrates? - ANSWER✔✔-monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a monosaccharide? - ANSWER✔✔-single sugar
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 2
, What is fructose? - ANSWER✔✔-fruit sugar
What is galactose? - ANSWER✔✔-"milk sugar" found in lactose
What is glucose? - ANSWER✔✔-blood sugar
What is a disaccharide? - ANSWER✔✔-two monosaccharides joined together
What are the types of disaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is lactose? - ANSWER✔✔-milk sugar
What is sucrose made of? - ANSWER✔✔-fructose and glucose
What is maltose composed of? - ANSWER✔✔-two glucose molecules
What are the types of polysaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-starch, glycogen, cellulose(fiber)
What is polysaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-long chain of monosaccharides, many sugars,
What is glycogen? - ANSWER✔✔-It is a stored formed of glucose/energy
manufactured by the liver
What is starch? - ANSWER✔✔-storage form of glucose in plants
What is cellulose? - ANSWER✔✔-A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the
cell walls of many organisms,(fiber)
What are the types of lipids ? - ANSWER✔✔-triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 3
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) 100% SOLVED 2025!!
What is the mitochondria? - ANSWER✔✔-power house of the cell and produces and
supplies the cell with energy(ATP production)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - ANSWER✔✔-a network of membranous tubules
within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It
usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
(protein (rough ER),Steroid synthesis (smooth ER) )
What is the golgi apparatus? - ANSWER✔✔-Another membrane of the cell which is
used for transportation throughout the cell
(packaging and transporting proteins)
What are lysosomes? - ANSWER✔✔-cleaning up cell debris
What are the types of passive transport? - ANSWER✔✔-diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
diffusion
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 1
,What is osmosis? - ANSWER✔✔-movement of water across a membrane
What is filtration? - ANSWER✔✔-Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from
higher to lower pressure, no energy required
What are the types of active transport? - ANSWER✔✔-protein pumps, endocytosis,
exocytosis
What in the purpose of the sodium/potassium pump? - ANSWER✔✔-It is a transport
pump for Na+/K+ for nerve conduction
What is endocytosis used for? - ANSWER✔✔-take in large molecules
What is exocytosis? - ANSWER✔✔-materials are exported out of the cell (energy
required)
What are the types of macromolecules? - ANSWER✔✔-carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule? - ANSWER✔✔-a molecule containing a very large number of
atoms
What are the types carbohydrates? - ANSWER✔✔-monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a monosaccharide? - ANSWER✔✔-single sugar
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 2
, What is fructose? - ANSWER✔✔-fruit sugar
What is galactose? - ANSWER✔✔-"milk sugar" found in lactose
What is glucose? - ANSWER✔✔-blood sugar
What is a disaccharide? - ANSWER✔✔-two monosaccharides joined together
What are the types of disaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is lactose? - ANSWER✔✔-milk sugar
What is sucrose made of? - ANSWER✔✔-fructose and glucose
What is maltose composed of? - ANSWER✔✔-two glucose molecules
What are the types of polysaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-starch, glycogen, cellulose(fiber)
What is polysaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔-long chain of monosaccharides, many sugars,
What is glycogen? - ANSWER✔✔-It is a stored formed of glucose/energy
manufactured by the liver
What is starch? - ANSWER✔✔-storage form of glucose in plants
What is cellulose? - ANSWER✔✔-A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the
cell walls of many organisms,(fiber)
What are the types of lipids ? - ANSWER✔✔-triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 3
