Biology 112 Midterm Exam with 5 5 5 5 5
accurate detailed solutions 5 5
Population - Correct answer ✔a group of individuals of the species living in
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the same geographic area at the same time
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Transitional Features - Correct answer ✔a trait in a fossil species that is
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intermediate between those of ancestral and derived (younger) species
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Vestigial Traits - Correct answer ✔a reduced or incompletely developed
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structure that has no function or reduced function, but is clearly similar to
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functioning organs or structures in closely related species
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Homologous Structures - Correct answer ✔Structures in different species that
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are similar because of common ancestry.
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Analogous Structures - Correct answer ✔similarities among unrelated species
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that result from convergent evolution
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Biogeography - Correct answer ✔the study of how species and populations are
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distributed geographically
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Phylogeny - Correct answer ✔the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
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,Homology - Correct answer ✔similarity among organisms of different species
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due to their inheritance from a common ancestor. Features that exhibit such
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similarity (DNA sequences, proteins, body parts) are said to be homologous
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Developmental Homology - Correct answer ✔recognized in embryos, 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Structural Homology - Correct answer ✔Similarities in organismal structures
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(e.g., limbs, shells, flowers) that are due to inheritance from a common
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ancestor.
Adaptation - Correct answer ✔any heritable trait that increases the fitness of
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an individual with that trait, compared with individuals without the trait, in a
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particular environment 5
Allele - Correct answer ✔a particular version of a gene
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Mutation - Correct answer ✔any change in the hereditary material of an
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organism (DNA in organisms, RNA in viruses) those only source alleles in
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populations
Variation - Correct answer ✔(biology) an organism that has characteristics
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resulting from chromosomal alteration
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Natural Selection - Correct answer ✔the process by which individuals with
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certain heritable traits tend to produce more offspring than do individuals
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, without those traits, often leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the
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population
Fitness Trade-Off - Correct answer ✔in evolutionary biology an inescapable
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compromise between two traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously
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Directional Selection - Correct answer ✔a mode of natural selection that
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favors the extreme phenotype with the result that the average phenotype of a
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population changes in one direction, generally reduces overall genetic
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variation in a population 5 5 5
Stabilizing Selection - Correct answer ✔a mode of natural selection that favors
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phenotypes near the middle of the range of phenotypic variation, reduces
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overall genetic variation in a population
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Disruptive Selection - Correct answer ✔a mode of natural selection that favors
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the extreme phenotype at both ends of the range of phenotypic variation,
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maintains overall genetic variation in a population
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Genetic Drift - Correct answer ✔any change in allele frequencies due to
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random events causing allele frequencies to drift up and down randomly over
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time and eventually can lead to fixation of loss alleles
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Gene Flow - Correct answer ✔the movement of alleles between populations;
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occurs when individuals leave one population, join another, and breed
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accurate detailed solutions 5 5
Population - Correct answer ✔a group of individuals of the species living in
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
the same geographic area at the same time
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Transitional Features - Correct answer ✔a trait in a fossil species that is
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intermediate between those of ancestral and derived (younger) species
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Vestigial Traits - Correct answer ✔a reduced or incompletely developed
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structure that has no function or reduced function, but is clearly similar to
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functioning organs or structures in closely related species
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Homologous Structures - Correct answer ✔Structures in different species that
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are similar because of common ancestry.
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Analogous Structures - Correct answer ✔similarities among unrelated species
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that result from convergent evolution
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Biogeography - Correct answer ✔the study of how species and populations are
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distributed geographically
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Phylogeny - Correct answer ✔the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
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,Homology - Correct answer ✔similarity among organisms of different species
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due to their inheritance from a common ancestor. Features that exhibit such
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similarity (DNA sequences, proteins, body parts) are said to be homologous
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Developmental Homology - Correct answer ✔recognized in embryos, 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Structural Homology - Correct answer ✔Similarities in organismal structures
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(e.g., limbs, shells, flowers) that are due to inheritance from a common
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ancestor.
Adaptation - Correct answer ✔any heritable trait that increases the fitness of
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an individual with that trait, compared with individuals without the trait, in a
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
particular environment 5
Allele - Correct answer ✔a particular version of a gene
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Mutation - Correct answer ✔any change in the hereditary material of an
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
organism (DNA in organisms, RNA in viruses) those only source alleles in
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
populations
Variation - Correct answer ✔(biology) an organism that has characteristics
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resulting from chromosomal alteration
5 5 5
Natural Selection - Correct answer ✔the process by which individuals with
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
certain heritable traits tend to produce more offspring than do individuals
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, without those traits, often leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
population
Fitness Trade-Off - Correct answer ✔in evolutionary biology an inescapable
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compromise between two traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Directional Selection - Correct answer ✔a mode of natural selection that
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
favors the extreme phenotype with the result that the average phenotype of a
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
population changes in one direction, generally reduces overall genetic
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
variation in a population 5 5 5
Stabilizing Selection - Correct answer ✔a mode of natural selection that favors
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phenotypes near the middle of the range of phenotypic variation, reduces
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overall genetic variation in a population
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Disruptive Selection - Correct answer ✔a mode of natural selection that favors
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the extreme phenotype at both ends of the range of phenotypic variation,
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maintains overall genetic variation in a population
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Genetic Drift - Correct answer ✔any change in allele frequencies due to
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random events causing allele frequencies to drift up and down randomly over
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time and eventually can lead to fixation of loss alleles
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Gene Flow - Correct answer ✔the movement of alleles between populations;
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occurs when individuals leave one population, join another, and breed
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