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Instrumental Analysis – Foundational Concepts and Verified Definitions – Signals, Noise, and Data Processing

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This document provides a structured collection of foundational definitions and questions with verified answers for Instrumental Analysis, focusing on signal processing, data domains, noise reduction, and instrumentation. Key concepts include ADC/DAC functionality, digital vs. analog signals, sources of noise, signal-to-noise enhancement techniques, and basic analytical distinctions such as qualitative vs. quantitative analysis. Ideal for exam prep and understanding the core technical vocabulary in analytical instrumentation.

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Institution
Instrumental Analysis
Course
Instrumental Analysis

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Uploaded on
June 6, 2025
Number of pages
8
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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Questions & answers

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Instrumental Analysis questions with verified
answers
ADC Ans✓✓✓ contains a sampling rate


ADC Ans✓✓✓ Converts an analog voltage into a digital binary number
so that computers can understand the information gathered by the
instrument about the sample being analyzed.


ADC Ans✓✓✓ Done by sampling and recording the analog output of an
input transducer at regular time intervals using an ADC.


Analog signals Ans✓✓✓ Continuous signals ( no gaps in the signal)


chemical noise Ans✓✓✓ uncontrollable variables that affect the
chemistry of the system being analyzed.


Chemical Noise Ans✓✓✓ uncontrollable variables that affect the
chemistry of the system being analyzed. (Temperature, pressure,
humidity, light intensity, fumes)


Classical method Ans✓✓✓ does not use electricity


Classical method Ans✓✓✓ use of chemical solvents and glassware

, Classical vs. Instrumental methods Ans✓✓✓ analysis properties
determined in the instrumental differ from those determined in the
classical methods.


DAC Ans✓✓✓ Converts computer electrical signals to analog electrical
signals for instruments.


Data Domains Ans✓✓✓ The various modes of encoding information


Digital-domain signals Ans✓✓✓ discrete; not continuous. The signal
can be monitored in regular time intervals.


Digital-domain signals Ans✓✓✓ information contained in the analog
domain can be converted to the digital domain via sampling.


DSR Ans✓✓✓ How well an ADC can distinguish between similar
voltage readings.


DSR Ans✓✓✓ Is strongly related to an instrument's sensitivity.Every
voltage will be given a specific binary number.


Dynamic Range Ans✓✓✓ The useful and linear range of a calibration
curve

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