UNR BIOL 223A Exam 4 Questions and Answers Graded A+
sympathetic innervation is ____ the body - Answers throughout
each sympathetic preganglionic axon branches to synapse onto _____ ganglionic cells - Answers 24 or
more
what NTs does the Adrenal Medulla release - Answers norepinephrine and epinephrine
the release of NT by the adrenal medulla into the blood stream affects tissues that are______ - Answers
not innervated by the ANS
what kind of effect does parasympathetic activtion have - Answers localized
where does is the parasympathetic system innervated - Answers head and viscera
what does the parasympathetic system NOT Innervate? - Answers body wall and skin
each parasympathetic preganglionic axon branches to synapse on to ____ ganglionic cells - Answers 6 to
8
Para postganglionic axons generally go to a ____ effector - Answers single
Ach is used by what type of preganglionic cell - Answers both para and sympathetic
ACh is used by what type of POST ganglionic cell - Answers para
what NT does sympathetic POSTganglionic axon use to dual innervate viscera - Answers Norepinephrine
what determines the effect of the NT on the postsynaptic cell - Answers the receptor properties
many NTs have ____ type of post synaptic receptor - Answers more than one
nicotinic cholinergic receptors control - Answers skeletal muscle and autonomic ganglia
nicotinic cholinergic receptors are ____ in charge - Answers excitatory
muscarinic receptors control - Answers visceral muscles, cardiac muscles, CNS
muscarinic receptors are ____ in charge - Answers excitatory or inhibitory
post synaptic ALPHA adrenergic receptors effect _____ and what type of effect (charge) - Answers
smooth muscle of blood vessels in skin and viscera
excitatory
what do alpha adrenergic receptors do - Answers cause vasoconstriction and reduce hypertension
,Beta 1 receptors are _____ (EPSP or IPSP) on _______ - Answers excitatory on Cardiac muscle
beta 1 blockers reduce - Answers heart rate
beta 2 receptors are _____ (charge) on _______ - Answers inhibitory on smooth muscles of respiratory
tracy
what do beta 2 receptors do - Answers cause relaxation
in a preganglionic cell axon synapses onto a cell in autonomic ganglia the NT is - Answers Ach
if a preganglionic cell axon synapses onto a cell in autonomic ganglia The post synaptic receptor is -
Answers nicotinic cholinergic
if a preganglionic cell axon synapses onto a cell in autonomic ganglia it is ______ in sympathetic and
parasympathetic ganglia - Answers the same
when a postganlionic axon synapses onto an effector the NT and receptor depend on the - Answers
synapse
the afferent sensory system deals wITH - Answers general and special sense
the efferent motor system deals with - Answers somatic nervous system controlling skeletal muscle and
the autonomic nervous system controlling smooth muscles cardiac muscle and glands
ANS operates _____________ conscious control - Answers without
what is the ANS controlled by - Answers hypothalamus
what regulates the ANS - Answers higher brain centers such as limbic system,m thalamus, cerebral
cortex
ANS coordinates - Answers processes that maintain homeostasis such as cardiovascular, respiratory,
digestive etc
two divisions of the ANS - Answers parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which division of the ANS expends energy and is dominant under times of stress - Answers Sympathetic
what increases during sympathetic activation - Answers heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure,
pupil size (dilates), blood flow to heart and skeletal muscles
what decreases during sympathetic activation - Answers digestion, blood flow to digestive tract
parasympathetic responses are very___ - Answers localized
what is dual innervation - Answers Receiving instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
, what areas of the body have dual innervation - Answers heart, pupils, digestive tract, bronchioles
what areas of the body have single sympathetic innervation - Answers sweat glands, arrector pili
muscles, blood vessels of skin heart lungs and brain (dilation) and blood vessels in kidneys and digestive
viscera (constriction)
what areas of the body has only single parasympathetic innervation - Answers lacrimal glands
an efferent pathway is a ___ neuron pathway - Answers two
what are the two pathways in an efferent pathway - Answers 1. motor neurons in CNS send axons
(preganglionic) to synapse on motor neurons in autonomic ganglia in PNS
2. Motor neurons in autonomic ganglia (ganglionic cells) send axons (postganglionic cells) to synapse on
effector
where are sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies located - Answers lateral horn of spinal cord segment
sympathetic ganglion are typically ___ to CNS - Answers closer
parasympathetic preganglionic have the cell body in - Answers the nucleus of CN III, VII, IX, X and lateral
horns of S2 S3 S4
parasympathetic preganglionic axon are typically ___ - Answers longer
parasympathetic preganglia are typically in or near ______ - Answers an effector organ
what spinal cord segments are involved in the sympathetic system - Answers T1-L2
what are the two places sympathetic axons go to - Answers collateral ganglia/adrenal medulla and chain
ganglia
what are sympathetic chain ganglia - Answers 2 chains of ganglia one on each side of the spinal column
what do chain ganglia innervate - Answers head, body walls, limbs, and viscera of thoracic cavity
what part of the adrenal gland is the medulla - Answers center
postganglionic cells in adrenal medulla are modified neurons that secrete into ____ rather than onto an
__- - Answers blood, effector
where are parasympathetic preglanglionic neurons located - Answers brainstem and sacral segments of
spinal cord
what parasympathetic effect does Cranial nerve III have - Answers control of pupil and lens of eye
what parasympathetic effect does cranial nerve VII have - Answers lacrimal and salivary glands
what parasympathetic effect does cranial nerve IX have - Answers controls salivary glands
sympathetic innervation is ____ the body - Answers throughout
each sympathetic preganglionic axon branches to synapse onto _____ ganglionic cells - Answers 24 or
more
what NTs does the Adrenal Medulla release - Answers norepinephrine and epinephrine
the release of NT by the adrenal medulla into the blood stream affects tissues that are______ - Answers
not innervated by the ANS
what kind of effect does parasympathetic activtion have - Answers localized
where does is the parasympathetic system innervated - Answers head and viscera
what does the parasympathetic system NOT Innervate? - Answers body wall and skin
each parasympathetic preganglionic axon branches to synapse on to ____ ganglionic cells - Answers 6 to
8
Para postganglionic axons generally go to a ____ effector - Answers single
Ach is used by what type of preganglionic cell - Answers both para and sympathetic
ACh is used by what type of POST ganglionic cell - Answers para
what NT does sympathetic POSTganglionic axon use to dual innervate viscera - Answers Norepinephrine
what determines the effect of the NT on the postsynaptic cell - Answers the receptor properties
many NTs have ____ type of post synaptic receptor - Answers more than one
nicotinic cholinergic receptors control - Answers skeletal muscle and autonomic ganglia
nicotinic cholinergic receptors are ____ in charge - Answers excitatory
muscarinic receptors control - Answers visceral muscles, cardiac muscles, CNS
muscarinic receptors are ____ in charge - Answers excitatory or inhibitory
post synaptic ALPHA adrenergic receptors effect _____ and what type of effect (charge) - Answers
smooth muscle of blood vessels in skin and viscera
excitatory
what do alpha adrenergic receptors do - Answers cause vasoconstriction and reduce hypertension
,Beta 1 receptors are _____ (EPSP or IPSP) on _______ - Answers excitatory on Cardiac muscle
beta 1 blockers reduce - Answers heart rate
beta 2 receptors are _____ (charge) on _______ - Answers inhibitory on smooth muscles of respiratory
tracy
what do beta 2 receptors do - Answers cause relaxation
in a preganglionic cell axon synapses onto a cell in autonomic ganglia the NT is - Answers Ach
if a preganglionic cell axon synapses onto a cell in autonomic ganglia The post synaptic receptor is -
Answers nicotinic cholinergic
if a preganglionic cell axon synapses onto a cell in autonomic ganglia it is ______ in sympathetic and
parasympathetic ganglia - Answers the same
when a postganlionic axon synapses onto an effector the NT and receptor depend on the - Answers
synapse
the afferent sensory system deals wITH - Answers general and special sense
the efferent motor system deals with - Answers somatic nervous system controlling skeletal muscle and
the autonomic nervous system controlling smooth muscles cardiac muscle and glands
ANS operates _____________ conscious control - Answers without
what is the ANS controlled by - Answers hypothalamus
what regulates the ANS - Answers higher brain centers such as limbic system,m thalamus, cerebral
cortex
ANS coordinates - Answers processes that maintain homeostasis such as cardiovascular, respiratory,
digestive etc
two divisions of the ANS - Answers parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which division of the ANS expends energy and is dominant under times of stress - Answers Sympathetic
what increases during sympathetic activation - Answers heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure,
pupil size (dilates), blood flow to heart and skeletal muscles
what decreases during sympathetic activation - Answers digestion, blood flow to digestive tract
parasympathetic responses are very___ - Answers localized
what is dual innervation - Answers Receiving instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
, what areas of the body have dual innervation - Answers heart, pupils, digestive tract, bronchioles
what areas of the body have single sympathetic innervation - Answers sweat glands, arrector pili
muscles, blood vessels of skin heart lungs and brain (dilation) and blood vessels in kidneys and digestive
viscera (constriction)
what areas of the body has only single parasympathetic innervation - Answers lacrimal glands
an efferent pathway is a ___ neuron pathway - Answers two
what are the two pathways in an efferent pathway - Answers 1. motor neurons in CNS send axons
(preganglionic) to synapse on motor neurons in autonomic ganglia in PNS
2. Motor neurons in autonomic ganglia (ganglionic cells) send axons (postganglionic cells) to synapse on
effector
where are sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies located - Answers lateral horn of spinal cord segment
sympathetic ganglion are typically ___ to CNS - Answers closer
parasympathetic preganglionic have the cell body in - Answers the nucleus of CN III, VII, IX, X and lateral
horns of S2 S3 S4
parasympathetic preganglionic axon are typically ___ - Answers longer
parasympathetic preganglia are typically in or near ______ - Answers an effector organ
what spinal cord segments are involved in the sympathetic system - Answers T1-L2
what are the two places sympathetic axons go to - Answers collateral ganglia/adrenal medulla and chain
ganglia
what are sympathetic chain ganglia - Answers 2 chains of ganglia one on each side of the spinal column
what do chain ganglia innervate - Answers head, body walls, limbs, and viscera of thoracic cavity
what part of the adrenal gland is the medulla - Answers center
postganglionic cells in adrenal medulla are modified neurons that secrete into ____ rather than onto an
__- - Answers blood, effector
where are parasympathetic preglanglionic neurons located - Answers brainstem and sacral segments of
spinal cord
what parasympathetic effect does Cranial nerve III have - Answers control of pupil and lens of eye
what parasympathetic effect does cranial nerve VII have - Answers lacrimal and salivary glands
what parasympathetic effect does cranial nerve IX have - Answers controls salivary glands
