final entomology exam questions with verified answers
"Arthropoda", or the group that contains arthropods, is a: Ans✓✓✓
phylum
3 qualities of eusocial insects are
thought to contribute to their competitive
advantage and success Ans✓✓✓ Many different tasks can be
performed
simultaneously by different groups; Their unity can lead to
accomplishments not possible when single individuals work alone;
Homostatic regulation
4 basic steps of IPM Ans✓✓✓ 1. correct identification of insect
2. monitor
3. set economic thresholds
4. choice of optimum pest control options (biological, chemical,
cultural, etc)
5 major problems associated with arthropods Ans✓✓✓ 1)
PHYSCHOLOGICAL: entomophobia: people are afraid of bugs
2) NUISANCE: bed bugs and lice
3) VENOMS/ALLERGENS: bee stings
4) CAUSES OF DISEASE: scabies, lice causes pediculosis
5) DISEASE VECTORS: mechanical or biological
,6 principles for insect conservation: habitat-based approaches
Ans✓✓✓ 1. maintain reserves as source habitats
2. maintain as much quality landscape heterogeneity as possible
3. reduce contrast between remnant natural patches and neighborhing
disturbed areas
4. outside reserves, maintain as much undisturbed habitat as possible
(landsparing)
5. in transformed landscapes, simulate natural conditions and
disturbance
6. connect like patches of quality habitat as much as possible
According to Dr. Lincoln Bower, what are the three reasons monarch
butterflies are declining, and of these, which is the most catastrophic
human-induced change? What is his argument for why we should care
if monarchs go extinct? Ans✓✓✓ monarchs migrate to mexico during
winter
There are roughly 50 million butterflies per hectare, so [that means
there are, as a very rough estimate, around 33 million butterflies this
year.]
3 big reasons: Severe weather was working against the butterflies for
the last two years. Another is the progressive deterioration of the
overwintering habitat in Mexico due to illegal deforestation. But the
,third and probably the most egregious problem is the result of
industrialized agriculture in the Midwest.
why we care: aesthetic, affects in ecology, strong educational tool,
biology of the migration is absolutely unique
According to E.O. Wilson, what would happen if invertebrates, including
insects, disappeared from this planet? Ans✓✓✓ "Within a few decades
the world would return to the state of a billion years ago, composed
primarily of bacteria, algae, and a few other very simple multicellular
plants."
According to the radio story (link in your study guide), what is one
mechanism thought to be responsible for the evolution of pesticide
resistance in bedbugs? Ans✓✓✓ They produce more of the enzymes
that break down pyrethroids
Across taxa, we often see organisms taking better care of their relatives
than they take care of strangers. What is an evolutionary reason for this
phenomenon? (two responses are correct, select TWO) Ans✓✓✓ kin
selection, inclusive fitness
adverse environmental and health effects Ans✓✓✓ endocrine
disruptors: chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and
produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and
immune effects in either or both humans and wildlife
, aggregations of insects (subsocial) Ans✓✓✓ some bees build nest
entrances close together; can provide group-living benefits without
some of the costs of being social; common among aposematic insects;
share protection
Alates Ans✓✓✓ Winged male and female reproductive
Altruism Ans✓✓✓ Sometimes, an individual might be
altruistic, but receives no fitness benefit
from exerting energy, putting their life on
the line, etc.; they leave fewer offspring; Altruistic "genes" will
disappear; Social insects have many altruistic behaviors
For altruism, and eventually eusociality, to evolve, Hamilton's Rule
must be true:
rB-C > 0
r is the coefficient of relatedness, B is the benefit gained by the
recipient of altruism, and C is the cost suffered by the donor of altruism
Anisogamy is best defined by which of the following? Ans✓✓✓ A union
between two gametes that differ in size or form
"Arthropoda", or the group that contains arthropods, is a: Ans✓✓✓
phylum
3 qualities of eusocial insects are
thought to contribute to their competitive
advantage and success Ans✓✓✓ Many different tasks can be
performed
simultaneously by different groups; Their unity can lead to
accomplishments not possible when single individuals work alone;
Homostatic regulation
4 basic steps of IPM Ans✓✓✓ 1. correct identification of insect
2. monitor
3. set economic thresholds
4. choice of optimum pest control options (biological, chemical,
cultural, etc)
5 major problems associated with arthropods Ans✓✓✓ 1)
PHYSCHOLOGICAL: entomophobia: people are afraid of bugs
2) NUISANCE: bed bugs and lice
3) VENOMS/ALLERGENS: bee stings
4) CAUSES OF DISEASE: scabies, lice causes pediculosis
5) DISEASE VECTORS: mechanical or biological
,6 principles for insect conservation: habitat-based approaches
Ans✓✓✓ 1. maintain reserves as source habitats
2. maintain as much quality landscape heterogeneity as possible
3. reduce contrast between remnant natural patches and neighborhing
disturbed areas
4. outside reserves, maintain as much undisturbed habitat as possible
(landsparing)
5. in transformed landscapes, simulate natural conditions and
disturbance
6. connect like patches of quality habitat as much as possible
According to Dr. Lincoln Bower, what are the three reasons monarch
butterflies are declining, and of these, which is the most catastrophic
human-induced change? What is his argument for why we should care
if monarchs go extinct? Ans✓✓✓ monarchs migrate to mexico during
winter
There are roughly 50 million butterflies per hectare, so [that means
there are, as a very rough estimate, around 33 million butterflies this
year.]
3 big reasons: Severe weather was working against the butterflies for
the last two years. Another is the progressive deterioration of the
overwintering habitat in Mexico due to illegal deforestation. But the
,third and probably the most egregious problem is the result of
industrialized agriculture in the Midwest.
why we care: aesthetic, affects in ecology, strong educational tool,
biology of the migration is absolutely unique
According to E.O. Wilson, what would happen if invertebrates, including
insects, disappeared from this planet? Ans✓✓✓ "Within a few decades
the world would return to the state of a billion years ago, composed
primarily of bacteria, algae, and a few other very simple multicellular
plants."
According to the radio story (link in your study guide), what is one
mechanism thought to be responsible for the evolution of pesticide
resistance in bedbugs? Ans✓✓✓ They produce more of the enzymes
that break down pyrethroids
Across taxa, we often see organisms taking better care of their relatives
than they take care of strangers. What is an evolutionary reason for this
phenomenon? (two responses are correct, select TWO) Ans✓✓✓ kin
selection, inclusive fitness
adverse environmental and health effects Ans✓✓✓ endocrine
disruptors: chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and
produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and
immune effects in either or both humans and wildlife
, aggregations of insects (subsocial) Ans✓✓✓ some bees build nest
entrances close together; can provide group-living benefits without
some of the costs of being social; common among aposematic insects;
share protection
Alates Ans✓✓✓ Winged male and female reproductive
Altruism Ans✓✓✓ Sometimes, an individual might be
altruistic, but receives no fitness benefit
from exerting energy, putting their life on
the line, etc.; they leave fewer offspring; Altruistic "genes" will
disappear; Social insects have many altruistic behaviors
For altruism, and eventually eusociality, to evolve, Hamilton's Rule
must be true:
rB-C > 0
r is the coefficient of relatedness, B is the benefit gained by the
recipient of altruism, and C is the cost suffered by the donor of altruism
Anisogamy is best defined by which of the following? Ans✓✓✓ A union
between two gametes that differ in size or form
