A test bank for
ethics and law in dental hygiene 4th edition
by kristin minihan-anderson|all chapters |100%verified answers
,Chapter 01: ethics and professionalism
Beemsterboer: ethics and law in dental hygiene, 4th edition
Multiple choice
1. When was the inception of the profession of dental hygiene?
A. In ancient greece
B. In the early 1800s
C. In the early 1900s
D. In 1979
Answer: c
The scope of practice of a dental hygienist was first established by law in connecticut in 1915. Alfred c.
Fones taught his dental assistant, irene newman, to treat patients and to teach them to maintain their
mouths in a clean state. In 1913, fones established the first school for dental hygienists in bridgeport,
connecticut. The first oath written for dental hygienists called upon apollo and hygeia, who were the
greek god and goddess of health, respectively. A modernized version of the first oath was adopted by
the board of trustees of the american dental hygienists’ association (adha) in 1979.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 3
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.1 ethical principles, including informed consent
2. Which member of the dental team is the primary oral preventive therapist?
A. Dentist
B. Dental hygienist
C. Dental assistant
D. Receptionist
Answer: b
The dental hygienist is the oral preventive therapist in the dental office. The dentists who pioneered
this special field of endeavor had a vision of the day when dental disease could be prevented by
following a system of treatment and cleanliness. The dentist is primarily concerned with restorative
,treatment, although he or she also shares in preventing oral disease. The dental assistant assists the
dentist and may assist the dental hygienist as well. The receptionist greets patients and may help with
the business and financial aspects of the practice.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 4
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
3. The dental hygiene oath is revised by action of which of the following professional organizations?
A. The american dental association (ada)
B. The american dental hygienists’ association (adha)
C. The occupational safety and health administration (osha)
D. The organization for safety, asepsis, and prevention (osap)
E. The food and drug administration (fda)
Answer: b
2. The first dental hygiene oath was adopted by the board of trustees of the american dental
Hygienists’ association (adha) in 1979 and is still in use today. The oath may be seen at the following
website (www.adha.org/aboutadha/dhoath.htm). The american dental association has an oath for
dentists. A copy of each oath may be found in the textbook.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 3
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
4. Success is measured by financial gain in the corporate world; however, for the health care
professional the patient’s welfare is placed above profit.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
,D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Answer: a
Because the welfare of the patient is more important than profit, society has granted the health care
professional a certain status that carries prestige, power, and the right to apply special knowledge
and skills.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 4
Obj: 2
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
5. Society recognizes that health care providers are held to a higher standard than legislative mandate.
These higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics and are enforced by the legal
system.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Answer: c
Health care providers are held to a higher standard than can be expressed exclusively by legislative
mandate. While it is true that these higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics,
they are enforced by those within the profession rather than by the legal system. Important
components of this enforcement include self-regulation and submission to peer review.
Dif: comprehension ref: p. 4
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
6. Which of the following is regarded as the most important aspect of the delivery of health care
services?
A. Technical skill
B. Appropriate knowledge
,C. Critical judgment
D. Caring
Answer: d
Although all of the choices are important, caring is regarded as the most important. Patients perceive
this essence of caring and respond to it. Trust is the critical foundation for the relationship between
the person seeking services and the health care provider. The caring that the patient seeks also gives
the provider the greatest opportunity for professional service and satisfaction.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 4
Obj: 2
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
7. The publication “medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter” set out three
fundamental principles, including patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the principle of social justice,
because it is thought this will reinvigorate the value of professionalism.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Answer: a
The physician charter sets out three fundamental principles that are not new but reinforce the
foundation of the medical profession as one of service to others. The ethical principles of the primacy
of patient welfare (beneficence and nonmaleficence) and patient autonomy are listed first; the
principle of social justice is the third main tenet. The desired goal was to reinvigorate the value of
professionalism that includes social responsibility, the ethic of care, and access to that care, for all
members of society.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 5
Obj: 3
top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
,8. Each of the following is a requirement for licensure of a dental hygienist in the united states except
one. Which one is the exception?
A. Completion of a higher education accredited program
B. Graduation from a college or university
C. Passed a written national board examination
D. Passed a clinical national board examination
Answer: d
There is no clinical national board examination. The dental hygiene candidate for licensure must pass
a state or regional clinical examination. Examples of regional boards include the council of interstate
testing agencies (cita), the central regional dental testing services, inc. (crdts), the commission on
dental competency assessments (cdca), the southern regional testing agency, inc. (srta), and the
western regional examining board (werb).
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 5
Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
9. Which of the following characteristics is used to separate the professional from the layperson?
A. Competency
B. Quality performance
C. A specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society
D. A code of ethics
Answer: c
To be considered a profession, a specific field or area of study traditionally must have several
characteristics. These include a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society, an
intensive academic course of study, set standards of practice determined and regulated by the group,
external recognition by society, a code of ethics, an organized association, and a service ethic. What
separates the professional from the layperson is specialized knowledge, which is exclusive to the
professional group.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 5
,Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
10. Each of the following is considered to be a true profession except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Law
B. Medicine
C. Dentistry
D. Culinary chef
E. Ministry
Answer: d
Because being a professional is desirable, many careers and occupations aspire to this level. Real
estate agents, auto mechanics, and culinary chefs all use the term professional to indicate a desired
level of competency and quality performance. However, the true professions are still considered to be
medicine, dentistry, ministry, and law because they possess all the characteristics previously listed,
including a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society, an intensive academic course of
study, set standards of practice determined and regulated by the group, external recognition by
society, a code of ethics, an organized association, and a service ethic.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
11. Professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication skills,
and ethical and legal understanding. Upon this foundation is built the aspiration to and wise application
of the principles of professionalism.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Answer: a
The principles of professionalism are excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism. Highlights of
the standards for clinical dental hygiene practice include assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis,
,planning, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Professional traits of the dental hygienist
include honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, reliability and responsibility, maturity and self-
analysis, loyalty, interpersonal communication, respect for others, and respect for self.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3
top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
12. Which of the following models or professionalism presents dentistry as an profession?
A. Commercial
B. Guild
C. Interactive
Answer: b
It is called the guild model because it resembles the medieval guild of old in which those who were
members of the group controlled knowledge, skill, and competency. In this model the patient has
dental needs and the dentist provides care to meet the needs of that patient, who is uninformed and
passive in the process. The commercial model describes a relationship in which dentistry is a
commodity, a simple selling and buying of services. In the interactive model, the patient and dentist
are equals and have roles of equal moral status in the process of the delivery of dental care.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
13. Which of the practice models described by ozar is considered most desirable?
A. Guild
B. Interactive
C. Commercial
Answer: b
According to the interactive model, patients determine their own needs and health care choices on the
basis of their personal values and priorities but seek the care of the dentist because of his or her
knowledge and skill. This model is preferable because it presents the patient and provider as partners
,who make different contributions to the partnership. This equal moral status creates an obligation for
equal respect as partners working together toward attaining and maintaining oral health.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3 top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
14. Which of the following is an example of interprofessional education (ipe) in an academic health
center involving two different health education organizations?
A. Nursing students learn about nursing bottle caries along with dental hygiene students.
B. Dental students learn about preventive fluoride along with dental hygiene students.
C. Dental students learn about dental restorative procedures along with dental hygiene students.
D. Dental hygiene students learn about dental preventive procedures along with dental assisting
students.
Answer: a
The term ipe refers to occasions when students from two or more health professions learn together
during all or part of their professional training with the objective of cultivating collaborative practice
to improve the quality of patient care at the individual and population level. The interprofessional
education collaborative (ipec) includes six major health education organizations: the american
association of colleges of nursing, american association of colleges of osteopathic medicine, american
association of colleges of pharmacy, american dental education association, association of american
medical colleges, and association of schools of public health.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 7
Obj: 4
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.3 patient and professional communication
15. Which of the following organizations is recognized by the united states department of education to
accredit programs for dental hygiene in the united states?
A. The college or university with the dental hygiene program
B. The american dental hygiene association (adha)
C. The state board of dentistry for the respective state
, D. The commission on dental accreditation (coda)
Answer: d
The commission on dental accreditation (coda) is the specialized accrediting agency recognized by the
united states department of education to accredit programs that provide basic preparation for
licensure in dentistry, dental hygiene, and all related dental disciplines. The commission consists of 30
members and includes a representative of the adha. All accredited programs participate in an
accreditation review every 7 years. The program prepares a self-analysis and self-study report with
information about program resources, curriculum, policies, and standards. This report is submitted to
the coda in preparation for an on-site review by coda team members. The members of the commission
interview administrators, faculty, staff, and students to verify the information contained in the self-
study. Next, the coda team members create a site visit report for both the institution and the
commission. The commission reviews the report and makes a decision to offer accreditation status
without a reporting requirement or accreditation status with a reporting requirement.
Programs must demonstrate compliance with commission recommendations or risk loss of
accreditation.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 9
Obj: 5
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
16. How often must a dental hygiene program undergo a formal, on-site review by the accrediting
body?
A. Every 10 years
B. Every 7 years
C. Every 3 years
D. Only once, when the program is first created
Answer: b
A formal, on-site review is conducted every 7 years by the commission on dental accreditation of the
american dental association. All accredited dental programs have accreditation every 7 years, except for
oral and maxillofacial surgery programs. These programs are reviewed every 5 years.
7
Dif: recall ref: p. 9 obj: 5
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
ethics and law in dental hygiene 4th edition
by kristin minihan-anderson|all chapters |100%verified answers
,Chapter 01: ethics and professionalism
Beemsterboer: ethics and law in dental hygiene, 4th edition
Multiple choice
1. When was the inception of the profession of dental hygiene?
A. In ancient greece
B. In the early 1800s
C. In the early 1900s
D. In 1979
Answer: c
The scope of practice of a dental hygienist was first established by law in connecticut in 1915. Alfred c.
Fones taught his dental assistant, irene newman, to treat patients and to teach them to maintain their
mouths in a clean state. In 1913, fones established the first school for dental hygienists in bridgeport,
connecticut. The first oath written for dental hygienists called upon apollo and hygeia, who were the
greek god and goddess of health, respectively. A modernized version of the first oath was adopted by
the board of trustees of the american dental hygienists’ association (adha) in 1979.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 3
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.1 ethical principles, including informed consent
2. Which member of the dental team is the primary oral preventive therapist?
A. Dentist
B. Dental hygienist
C. Dental assistant
D. Receptionist
Answer: b
The dental hygienist is the oral preventive therapist in the dental office. The dentists who pioneered
this special field of endeavor had a vision of the day when dental disease could be prevented by
following a system of treatment and cleanliness. The dentist is primarily concerned with restorative
,treatment, although he or she also shares in preventing oral disease. The dental assistant assists the
dentist and may assist the dental hygienist as well. The receptionist greets patients and may help with
the business and financial aspects of the practice.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 4
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
3. The dental hygiene oath is revised by action of which of the following professional organizations?
A. The american dental association (ada)
B. The american dental hygienists’ association (adha)
C. The occupational safety and health administration (osha)
D. The organization for safety, asepsis, and prevention (osap)
E. The food and drug administration (fda)
Answer: b
2. The first dental hygiene oath was adopted by the board of trustees of the american dental
Hygienists’ association (adha) in 1979 and is still in use today. The oath may be seen at the following
website (www.adha.org/aboutadha/dhoath.htm). The american dental association has an oath for
dentists. A copy of each oath may be found in the textbook.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 3
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
4. Success is measured by financial gain in the corporate world; however, for the health care
professional the patient’s welfare is placed above profit.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
,D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Answer: a
Because the welfare of the patient is more important than profit, society has granted the health care
professional a certain status that carries prestige, power, and the right to apply special knowledge
and skills.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 4
Obj: 2
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
5. Society recognizes that health care providers are held to a higher standard than legislative mandate.
These higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics and are enforced by the legal
system.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Answer: c
Health care providers are held to a higher standard than can be expressed exclusively by legislative
mandate. While it is true that these higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics,
they are enforced by those within the profession rather than by the legal system. Important
components of this enforcement include self-regulation and submission to peer review.
Dif: comprehension ref: p. 4
Obj: 1
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
6. Which of the following is regarded as the most important aspect of the delivery of health care
services?
A. Technical skill
B. Appropriate knowledge
,C. Critical judgment
D. Caring
Answer: d
Although all of the choices are important, caring is regarded as the most important. Patients perceive
this essence of caring and respond to it. Trust is the critical foundation for the relationship between
the person seeking services and the health care provider. The caring that the patient seeks also gives
the provider the greatest opportunity for professional service and satisfaction.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 4
Obj: 2
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
7. The publication “medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter” set out three
fundamental principles, including patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the principle of social justice,
because it is thought this will reinvigorate the value of professionalism.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Answer: a
The physician charter sets out three fundamental principles that are not new but reinforce the
foundation of the medical profession as one of service to others. The ethical principles of the primacy
of patient welfare (beneficence and nonmaleficence) and patient autonomy are listed first; the
principle of social justice is the third main tenet. The desired goal was to reinvigorate the value of
professionalism that includes social responsibility, the ethic of care, and access to that care, for all
members of society.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 5
Obj: 3
top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
,8. Each of the following is a requirement for licensure of a dental hygienist in the united states except
one. Which one is the exception?
A. Completion of a higher education accredited program
B. Graduation from a college or university
C. Passed a written national board examination
D. Passed a clinical national board examination
Answer: d
There is no clinical national board examination. The dental hygiene candidate for licensure must pass
a state or regional clinical examination. Examples of regional boards include the council of interstate
testing agencies (cita), the central regional dental testing services, inc. (crdts), the commission on
dental competency assessments (cdca), the southern regional testing agency, inc. (srta), and the
western regional examining board (werb).
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 5
Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
9. Which of the following characteristics is used to separate the professional from the layperson?
A. Competency
B. Quality performance
C. A specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society
D. A code of ethics
Answer: c
To be considered a profession, a specific field or area of study traditionally must have several
characteristics. These include a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society, an
intensive academic course of study, set standards of practice determined and regulated by the group,
external recognition by society, a code of ethics, an organized association, and a service ethic. What
separates the professional from the layperson is specialized knowledge, which is exclusive to the
professional group.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 5
,Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
10. Each of the following is considered to be a true profession except one. Which one is the exception?
A. Law
B. Medicine
C. Dentistry
D. Culinary chef
E. Ministry
Answer: d
Because being a professional is desirable, many careers and occupations aspire to this level. Real
estate agents, auto mechanics, and culinary chefs all use the term professional to indicate a desired
level of competency and quality performance. However, the true professions are still considered to be
medicine, dentistry, ministry, and law because they possess all the characteristics previously listed,
including a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society, an intensive academic course of
study, set standards of practice determined and regulated by the group, external recognition by
society, a code of ethics, an organized association, and a service ethic.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
11. Professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication skills,
and ethical and legal understanding. Upon this foundation is built the aspiration to and wise application
of the principles of professionalism.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Answer: a
The principles of professionalism are excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism. Highlights of
the standards for clinical dental hygiene practice include assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis,
,planning, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Professional traits of the dental hygienist
include honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, reliability and responsibility, maturity and self-
analysis, loyalty, interpersonal communication, respect for others, and respect for self.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3
top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
12. Which of the following models or professionalism presents dentistry as an profession?
A. Commercial
B. Guild
C. Interactive
Answer: b
It is called the guild model because it resembles the medieval guild of old in which those who were
members of the group controlled knowledge, skill, and competency. In this model the patient has
dental needs and the dentist provides care to meet the needs of that patient, who is uninformed and
passive in the process. The commercial model describes a relationship in which dentistry is a
commodity, a simple selling and buying of services. In the interactive model, the patient and dentist
are equals and have roles of equal moral status in the process of the delivery of dental care.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
13. Which of the practice models described by ozar is considered most desirable?
A. Guild
B. Interactive
C. Commercial
Answer: b
According to the interactive model, patients determine their own needs and health care choices on the
basis of their personal values and priorities but seek the care of the dentist because of his or her
knowledge and skill. This model is preferable because it presents the patient and provider as partners
,who make different contributions to the partnership. This equal moral status creates an obligation for
equal respect as partners working together toward attaining and maintaining oral health.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 6
Obj: 3 top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
14. Which of the following is an example of interprofessional education (ipe) in an academic health
center involving two different health education organizations?
A. Nursing students learn about nursing bottle caries along with dental hygiene students.
B. Dental students learn about preventive fluoride along with dental hygiene students.
C. Dental students learn about dental restorative procedures along with dental hygiene students.
D. Dental hygiene students learn about dental preventive procedures along with dental assisting
students.
Answer: a
The term ipe refers to occasions when students from two or more health professions learn together
during all or part of their professional training with the objective of cultivating collaborative practice
to improve the quality of patient care at the individual and population level. The interprofessional
education collaborative (ipec) includes six major health education organizations: the american
association of colleges of nursing, american association of colleges of osteopathic medicine, american
association of colleges of pharmacy, american dental education association, association of american
medical colleges, and association of schools of public health.
Dif: comprehension
Ref: p. 7
Obj: 4
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.3 patient and professional communication
15. Which of the following organizations is recognized by the united states department of education to
accredit programs for dental hygiene in the united states?
A. The college or university with the dental hygiene program
B. The american dental hygiene association (adha)
C. The state board of dentistry for the respective state
, D. The commission on dental accreditation (coda)
Answer: d
The commission on dental accreditation (coda) is the specialized accrediting agency recognized by the
united states department of education to accredit programs that provide basic preparation for
licensure in dentistry, dental hygiene, and all related dental disciplines. The commission consists of 30
members and includes a representative of the adha. All accredited programs participate in an
accreditation review every 7 years. The program prepares a self-analysis and self-study report with
information about program resources, curriculum, policies, and standards. This report is submitted to
the coda in preparation for an on-site review by coda team members. The members of the commission
interview administrators, faculty, staff, and students to verify the information contained in the self-
study. Next, the coda team members create a site visit report for both the institution and the
commission. The commission reviews the report and makes a decision to offer accreditation status
without a reporting requirement or accreditation status with a reporting requirement.
Programs must demonstrate compliance with commission recommendations or risk loss of
accreditation.
Dif: recall
Ref: p. 9
Obj: 5
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
16. How often must a dental hygiene program undergo a formal, on-site review by the accrediting
body?
A. Every 10 years
B. Every 7 years
C. Every 3 years
D. Only once, when the program is first created
Answer: b
A formal, on-site review is conducted every 7 years by the commission on dental accreditation of the
american dental association. All accredited dental programs have accreditation every 7 years, except for
oral and maxillofacial surgery programs. These programs are reviewed every 5 years.
7
Dif: recall ref: p. 9 obj: 5
Top: 7.0 professional responsibility | 7.4 general
