.
,Chapter 1: Discovering the World of Nursing Research Test
f f f f f f f f
Bank
f
MULTIPLE CHOICE f
1. Nurses with a bachelor’s degree in nursing can participate in the implementation of evidence-
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
based protocols in practice. This means that the BSN nurse
f f f f f f f f f f
a. Develops evidence-based guidelines f f
b. Designs research studies, on which protocols may be based f f f f f f f f
c. Evaluates and revises evidence-based protocols f f f f
d. Contributes practice wisdom when applying protocols in patient settings f f f f f f f f
e. Mentors PhD researchers in the clinical setting during protocol development
f f f f f f f f f
ANS: D f
Nurses with a BSN degree have knowledge of the research process and skills in reading and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
critically appraising studies. They assist with the implementation of evidence-based guidelines,
f f f f f f f f f f f
protocols, algorithms, and policies in practice. This implies that nurses provide their point of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
view, from the clinician’s vantage, when new protocols are being put into practice, and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
continue to provide feedback, regarding the positive and negative aspects of those protocols.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis f f REF: Page 4 f f
2. Research is designed to test the idea of providing companion dogs to elders in a major hospital,
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
in order to determine the effect upon the elders’ level of orientation. (The dogs’ level of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
orientation will not be a focus of the research.) This type of study can do which of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
following?
f
a. Control
b. Describe
c. Explain
d. Predict
ANS: A f
Control is the ability to manipulate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and, sometimes, the
f f f f f f f f f f f f
relationships among them. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and
f f f f f f f f f f
identifies the reasons why certain events occur. The ability to estimate the probability of a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
specific outcome in a given situation in nursing practice is known as prediction. The
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
researcher’s focus is on predicting what is likely.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 13 f f
3. A researcher wants to find out whether children with autism who are hospitalized on a pediatric
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ward will require more hours of nursing care than average children when the parents or
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
caregivers are not present. What type of research outcome does this provide?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Control
b. Description
c. Explantation
d. Prediction
, ANS: D f
Control is the ability to manipulate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and, sometimes, the
f f f f f f f f f f f f
relationships among them. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and
f f f f f f f f f f
identifies the reasons why certain events occur. The ability to estimate the probability of a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
specific outcome in a given situation in nursing practice is known as prediction. The
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
researcher’s focus is on predicting what is likely.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 16 f f
4. A researcher who desires to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between requiring
f f f f f f f f f f
that all children under the age of 8 will ride in special care harnesses and the subsequent rate of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
children’s spinal cord injury will consequently utilize which form of nursing research?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Descriptive research f
b. Outcomes research f
c. Qualitative research f
d. Quantitative research f
ANS: D f
Quantitative research, the most frequently used method, is a formal, objective, systematic
f f f f f f f f f f f
methodology to describe variables, test relationships, and examine cause-and-effect
f f f f f f f f f
interactions. Quantitative research includes experimental research, which is the method for
f f f f f f f f f f f
testing cause-and-effect relationships between and among specific variables. Qualitative
f f f f f f f f f
research methods are used for explaining meanings and describing experiences in context.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Descriptive research involves identifying and understanding the nature of phenomena and,
f f f f f f f f f f f
sometimes, the relationships among them. Outcomes research examines the end result of care in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
huge populations, most often retrospectively, using a database.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 3 f f
5. Despite the presence of an intraventricular drain, the intracranial pressure of an ICU neuro
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
patient remains increased. The nurse recalibrates the machine, makes sure the monitor is on the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
same level as the drain, checks all connections, and then notifies the physician, who comes to the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
unit and inserts a new drain. What type of reasoning prompts the nurse to recalibrate, ensure
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
proper placement, and check connections?
f f f f f
a. Abstract reasoning f
b. Concrete thinking f
c. Logistic reasoning f
d. Reality testing f
ANS: C f
Logistic reasoning is used to break a whole into parts that can be carefully examined. Concrete
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
thinking is oriented toward and limited by tangible things or by events that are observed and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experienced in reality. Abstract reasoning is oriented toward the development of an idea without
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
application to, or association with, a particular instance. Reality testing is used to validate what
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
is observed in the empirical world.
f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 6 f f
6. A nurse with considerable clinical expertise develops a policy for managing agitated patients in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
the emergency department. The resultant policy emanates from
f f f f f f f f
, a. Abstract reasoning f
b. Concrete thinking f
c. Logistic reasoning f
d. Reality testing f
ANS: A f
Abstract reasoning is oriented toward the development of an idea without application to, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
association with, a particular instance. Concrete thinking is oriented toward and limited by
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
tangible things or by events that are observed and experienced in reality. Logistic reasoning is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
used to break a whole into parts that can be carefully examined. Reality testing is used to
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
validate what is observed in the empirical world.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 7 f f
7. A nurse with considerable clinical expertise develops a policy for managing agitated patients in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
the emergency department. The type of reasoning the nurse uses to do this is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
reasoning.
f
a. Problematic
b. Operational
c. Logistic
d. Inductive
ANS: D f
Inductive reasoning involves reasoning that moves from the specific to the general, whereby
f f f f f f f f f f f f
particular instances are observed and then combined into a larger whole or general statement.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Problematic reasoning involves (1) identifying a problem and factors influencing it, (2)
f f f f f f f f f f f f
selecting solutions to the problem, and (3) resolving the problem. Operational reasoning
f f f f f f f f f f f f
involves the identification of and discrimination among many alternatives and viewpoints.
f f f f f f f f f f f
Logistic reasoning is used to break the whole into parts that can be carefully examined, as the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
relationships among the parts can also be.
f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis f f REF: Page 7 f f
8. What is the best explanation of intuition that forms a legitimate source of knowledge in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing?
f
a. It is based on knowledge thoroughly incorporated into thought but seldom
f f f f f f f f f f
articulated.
f
b. It is based on a gift from the universe and should be honored when it arrives.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
c. It is never inaccurate.
f f f
d. It is a revisiting of old knowledge, accompanied by deep reflection.
f f f f f f f f f f
ANS: A f
Intuition is the revisiting of old knowledge accompanied by deep reflection.
f f f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 5 f f
9. Why is operational reasoning necessary for research?
f f f f f f
a. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing. f f f f f f f
b. Standard interventions are obtained from operational reasoning. f f f f f f
c. It allows the researcher to measure the concepts studied.
f f f f f f f f
d. It facilitates the researcher’s rapport with families.
f f f f f f
,Chapter 1: Discovering the World of Nursing Research Test
f f f f f f f f
Bank
f
MULTIPLE CHOICE f
1. Nurses with a bachelor’s degree in nursing can participate in the implementation of evidence-
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
based protocols in practice. This means that the BSN nurse
f f f f f f f f f f
a. Develops evidence-based guidelines f f
b. Designs research studies, on which protocols may be based f f f f f f f f
c. Evaluates and revises evidence-based protocols f f f f
d. Contributes practice wisdom when applying protocols in patient settings f f f f f f f f
e. Mentors PhD researchers in the clinical setting during protocol development
f f f f f f f f f
ANS: D f
Nurses with a BSN degree have knowledge of the research process and skills in reading and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
critically appraising studies. They assist with the implementation of evidence-based guidelines,
f f f f f f f f f f f
protocols, algorithms, and policies in practice. This implies that nurses provide their point of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
view, from the clinician’s vantage, when new protocols are being put into practice, and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
continue to provide feedback, regarding the positive and negative aspects of those protocols.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis f f REF: Page 4 f f
2. Research is designed to test the idea of providing companion dogs to elders in a major hospital,
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
in order to determine the effect upon the elders’ level of orientation. (The dogs’ level of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
orientation will not be a focus of the research.) This type of study can do which of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
following?
f
a. Control
b. Describe
c. Explain
d. Predict
ANS: A f
Control is the ability to manipulate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and, sometimes, the
f f f f f f f f f f f f
relationships among them. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and
f f f f f f f f f f
identifies the reasons why certain events occur. The ability to estimate the probability of a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
specific outcome in a given situation in nursing practice is known as prediction. The
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
researcher’s focus is on predicting what is likely.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 13 f f
3. A researcher wants to find out whether children with autism who are hospitalized on a pediatric
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ward will require more hours of nursing care than average children when the parents or
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
caregivers are not present. What type of research outcome does this provide?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Control
b. Description
c. Explantation
d. Prediction
, ANS: D f
Control is the ability to manipulate the situation to produce the desired outcome. Description
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and, sometimes, the
f f f f f f f f f f f f
relationships among them. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and
f f f f f f f f f f
identifies the reasons why certain events occur. The ability to estimate the probability of a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
specific outcome in a given situation in nursing practice is known as prediction. The
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
researcher’s focus is on predicting what is likely.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 16 f f
4. A researcher who desires to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between requiring
f f f f f f f f f f
that all children under the age of 8 will ride in special care harnesses and the subsequent rate of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
children’s spinal cord injury will consequently utilize which form of nursing research?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Descriptive research f
b. Outcomes research f
c. Qualitative research f
d. Quantitative research f
ANS: D f
Quantitative research, the most frequently used method, is a formal, objective, systematic
f f f f f f f f f f f
methodology to describe variables, test relationships, and examine cause-and-effect
f f f f f f f f f
interactions. Quantitative research includes experimental research, which is the method for
f f f f f f f f f f f
testing cause-and-effect relationships between and among specific variables. Qualitative
f f f f f f f f f
research methods are used for explaining meanings and describing experiences in context.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Descriptive research involves identifying and understanding the nature of phenomena and,
f f f f f f f f f f f
sometimes, the relationships among them. Outcomes research examines the end result of care in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
huge populations, most often retrospectively, using a database.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 3 f f
5. Despite the presence of an intraventricular drain, the intracranial pressure of an ICU neuro
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
patient remains increased. The nurse recalibrates the machine, makes sure the monitor is on the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
same level as the drain, checks all connections, and then notifies the physician, who comes to the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
unit and inserts a new drain. What type of reasoning prompts the nurse to recalibrate, ensure
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
proper placement, and check connections?
f f f f f
a. Abstract reasoning f
b. Concrete thinking f
c. Logistic reasoning f
d. Reality testing f
ANS: C f
Logistic reasoning is used to break a whole into parts that can be carefully examined. Concrete
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
thinking is oriented toward and limited by tangible things or by events that are observed and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experienced in reality. Abstract reasoning is oriented toward the development of an idea without
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
application to, or association with, a particular instance. Reality testing is used to validate what
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
is observed in the empirical world.
f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 6 f f
6. A nurse with considerable clinical expertise develops a policy for managing agitated patients in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
the emergency department. The resultant policy emanates from
f f f f f f f f
, a. Abstract reasoning f
b. Concrete thinking f
c. Logistic reasoning f
d. Reality testing f
ANS: A f
Abstract reasoning is oriented toward the development of an idea without application to, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
association with, a particular instance. Concrete thinking is oriented toward and limited by
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
tangible things or by events that are observed and experienced in reality. Logistic reasoning is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
used to break a whole into parts that can be carefully examined. Reality testing is used to
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
validate what is observed in the empirical world.
f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 7 f f
7. A nurse with considerable clinical expertise develops a policy for managing agitated patients in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
the emergency department. The type of reasoning the nurse uses to do this is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
reasoning.
f
a. Problematic
b. Operational
c. Logistic
d. Inductive
ANS: D f
Inductive reasoning involves reasoning that moves from the specific to the general, whereby
f f f f f f f f f f f f
particular instances are observed and then combined into a larger whole or general statement.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Problematic reasoning involves (1) identifying a problem and factors influencing it, (2)
f f f f f f f f f f f f
selecting solutions to the problem, and (3) resolving the problem. Operational reasoning
f f f f f f f f f f f f
involves the identification of and discrimination among many alternatives and viewpoints.
f f f f f f f f f f f
Logistic reasoning is used to break the whole into parts that can be carefully examined, as the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
relationships among the parts can also be.
f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis f f REF: Page 7 f f
8. What is the best explanation of intuition that forms a legitimate source of knowledge in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing?
f
a. It is based on knowledge thoroughly incorporated into thought but seldom
f f f f f f f f f f
articulated.
f
b. It is based on a gift from the universe and should be honored when it arrives.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
c. It is never inaccurate.
f f f
d. It is a revisiting of old knowledge, accompanied by deep reflection.
f f f f f f f f f f
ANS: A f
Intuition is the revisiting of old knowledge accompanied by deep reflection.
f f f f f f f f f f
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application f f REF: Page 5 f f
9. Why is operational reasoning necessary for research?
f f f f f f
a. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing. f f f f f f f
b. Standard interventions are obtained from operational reasoning. f f f f f f
c. It allows the researcher to measure the concepts studied.
f f f f f f f f
d. It facilitates the researcher’s rapport with families.
f f f f f f
