LRA 223 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed: -
✔✔Scoliosis
✔✔The "scottie dog" sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the thoracic and
lumbar spine - ✔✔False
✔✔The zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are ( ) in relationship to the
midsagittal plane - ✔✔50 degrees
✔✔The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular
processes of the lumbar spine is termed: - ✔✔pars interarticularis
✔✔The anterior and superior aspect fo the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the
pelvic inlet is called the: - ✔✔promontory
✔✔what is another term for the sacral horns? - ✔✔Cornua
✔✔The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of ( ) degrees to the coronal plane -
✔✔30
✔✔what is the formal term for the "tailbone"? - ✔✔Coccyx
✔✔What is the name of the superior broad aspect of the coccyx? - ✔✔Base
✔✔the long axis of the sacrum is generally angled more posteriorly in males than
females - ✔✔false
✔✔another term for the wings of the sacrum is: - ✔✔ala
✔✔another term for the sacral horns is the: - ✔✔cornu of the sacrum
✔✔which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac
joint? - ✔✔auricular surface
✔✔which one of the following structures of the sacrum is considered to be the most
posterior? - ✔✔median sacral crest
✔✔on average, how many separate bones make up the vertebral column of a child? -
✔✔33
, ✔✔the eye of the "scottie dog" represents the ( ) of the lumbar vertebrae - ✔✔pedicle
✔✔what is the term for the superior apsect of the coccyx? - ✔✔base
✔✔an average of ( ) segment(s) make up the adult coccyx. - ✔✔Four
✔✔which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS? - ✔✔S1-S2
✔✔the anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the
true pelvis is the: - ✔✔promontory of the sacrum
✔✔The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) corresponds to the level of the: - ✔✔S1-S2
✔✔ The most posterior aspect of a typical vertebra is the: - ✔✔spinous process
✔✔the bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the: - ✔✔pedicles
✔✔kyphosis is defined as a(n): - ✔✔abnormal thoracic curvature with increased
convexity
✔✔which term best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1? - ✔✔there is no
vertebral body at C1
✔✔which of the following is the first compensatory spinal curvature to develop in the
young child? - ✔✔cervical
✔✔where is the articular pillar located on a cervical vertebra? - ✔✔between the superior
and inferior articular processes
✔✔Number of Cervical bones - ✔✔Seven
✔✔Number of Thoracic bones - ✔✔Twelve
✔✔Number of Lumbar bones - ✔✔Five
✔✔Number of Sacrum bones in the adult column - ✔✔One
✔✔Number of Coccyx bones in the adult column - ✔✔One
✔✔Total number of Adult bones in the vertebral column - ✔✔Twenty-six
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed: -
✔✔Scoliosis
✔✔The "scottie dog" sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the thoracic and
lumbar spine - ✔✔False
✔✔The zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are ( ) in relationship to the
midsagittal plane - ✔✔50 degrees
✔✔The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular
processes of the lumbar spine is termed: - ✔✔pars interarticularis
✔✔The anterior and superior aspect fo the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the
pelvic inlet is called the: - ✔✔promontory
✔✔what is another term for the sacral horns? - ✔✔Cornua
✔✔The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of ( ) degrees to the coronal plane -
✔✔30
✔✔what is the formal term for the "tailbone"? - ✔✔Coccyx
✔✔What is the name of the superior broad aspect of the coccyx? - ✔✔Base
✔✔the long axis of the sacrum is generally angled more posteriorly in males than
females - ✔✔false
✔✔another term for the wings of the sacrum is: - ✔✔ala
✔✔another term for the sacral horns is the: - ✔✔cornu of the sacrum
✔✔which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac
joint? - ✔✔auricular surface
✔✔which one of the following structures of the sacrum is considered to be the most
posterior? - ✔✔median sacral crest
✔✔on average, how many separate bones make up the vertebral column of a child? -
✔✔33
, ✔✔the eye of the "scottie dog" represents the ( ) of the lumbar vertebrae - ✔✔pedicle
✔✔what is the term for the superior apsect of the coccyx? - ✔✔base
✔✔an average of ( ) segment(s) make up the adult coccyx. - ✔✔Four
✔✔which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS? - ✔✔S1-S2
✔✔the anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the
true pelvis is the: - ✔✔promontory of the sacrum
✔✔The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) corresponds to the level of the: - ✔✔S1-S2
✔✔ The most posterior aspect of a typical vertebra is the: - ✔✔spinous process
✔✔the bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the: - ✔✔pedicles
✔✔kyphosis is defined as a(n): - ✔✔abnormal thoracic curvature with increased
convexity
✔✔which term best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1? - ✔✔there is no
vertebral body at C1
✔✔which of the following is the first compensatory spinal curvature to develop in the
young child? - ✔✔cervical
✔✔where is the articular pillar located on a cervical vertebra? - ✔✔between the superior
and inferior articular processes
✔✔Number of Cervical bones - ✔✔Seven
✔✔Number of Thoracic bones - ✔✔Twelve
✔✔Number of Lumbar bones - ✔✔Five
✔✔Number of Sacrum bones in the adult column - ✔✔One
✔✔Number of Coccyx bones in the adult column - ✔✔One
✔✔Total number of Adult bones in the vertebral column - ✔✔Twenty-six
