AFJROTC // Science of Flight: Chapter 4
Lessons 1 – 3 2025/2026 Exam All
Answers and Illustrations Given
What are two ways pilots have to navigate? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔by sight or
with instruments
What did the Post Office, Navy, Army, and Bureau of Standards place on
the ground? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔low-frequency radio transmitters that sent
audio signals to aircraft receivers
Why is radar critical to air traffic control? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔because it helps
that operation maintain safe distances between aircraft
What is great circle navigation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the shortest distance
across a sphere's surface between two points on the surface
When do pilots plot great circle routes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔when flying long
distances
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
, What do pilots use to pinpoint exactly where they are on Earth and where
they're headed? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a combination of great circles and
imaginary lines
What are circles parallel to the equator called? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔parallels,
or lines of latitude
What are great circles that pass through both the North and South Poles
called? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔meridians, or lines of longitude
Why does a pilot draw a line on a chart from the departure point to the
destination point? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔to indicate the course
How is direction always expressed? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔in degrees
Why is the course the pilot measures on a chart known as the true course?
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔because he or she is measuring the angle with reference
to a meridian, or true north
What happens anytime you try to represent something that's three-
dimensional in two dimensions—as on a chart or map? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔You get a distorted image.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
Lessons 1 – 3 2025/2026 Exam All
Answers and Illustrations Given
What are two ways pilots have to navigate? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔by sight or
with instruments
What did the Post Office, Navy, Army, and Bureau of Standards place on
the ground? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔low-frequency radio transmitters that sent
audio signals to aircraft receivers
Why is radar critical to air traffic control? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔because it helps
that operation maintain safe distances between aircraft
What is great circle navigation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the shortest distance
across a sphere's surface between two points on the surface
When do pilots plot great circle routes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔when flying long
distances
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
, What do pilots use to pinpoint exactly where they are on Earth and where
they're headed? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a combination of great circles and
imaginary lines
What are circles parallel to the equator called? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔parallels,
or lines of latitude
What are great circles that pass through both the North and South Poles
called? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔meridians, or lines of longitude
Why does a pilot draw a line on a chart from the departure point to the
destination point? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔to indicate the course
How is direction always expressed? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔in degrees
Why is the course the pilot measures on a chart known as the true course?
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔because he or she is measuring the angle with reference
to a meridian, or true north
What happens anytime you try to represent something that's three-
dimensional in two dimensions—as on a chart or map? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔You get a distorted image.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
