GCU PATHO final Bio 322 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Describe |coronary |artery |disease, |how |it |develops, |and |the |pathophysiological |basis |of |the |various
|risk |factors |that |can |lead |to |this |disorder |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |Caused: |by |the |narrowing |of |the
|arteries |that |supply |the |blood |to |they |myocardium. |this |could |be |due |to |plaque |build |up, |and |fatty
|mater
- |most |common |is |arthersclerosis.
- |Risk |factors: |poor |nutrtion/obesity, |smoking, |high |LDL, |and |low |HDL.
Myocardial |Ischemia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |the |decrease |in |the |blood |supply |to |the |heart |which
|leds |to |chest |pain |or |angina.
- |S/S: |chest |heaviness, |possible |pain |in |left |arm, |shoulder, |jaw |and |neck, |Nausea |& |breathlessness
Myocardial |infarction |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-AKA: |heart |attack |IRREVERSIBLE
- |progressive |ischemia |with |damage |to |myocardium |(myoctye |necrosis)
- |Cause: |cardiovascular |disease
- |S/S: |dyspnea, |decrease |BP |(scynocpe), |nausea, |diaphoresis, |anxiety, |sudden |sever |chest |pain |that
|may |radiate |to |left |arm
- |Women: |jaw |and |back |bain
- |Men: |chest |discomfort, |arm |pain, |and |SOB.
- |Tests: |EKG
-- |STEMI- |indicates |transmural |MI
-- |NON |STEMI- |indicates |subendocardial |MI
What |are |the |two |types |of |myocardial |infarctions |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |transmural |
2. |subendocardial
Transmural |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thrombus |remains |and |myocardium |involved |transcend |to
|epicardium
,- |STEMI |(ST |elevation |in |MI)
-- |Q- |wave |MI
Subendocardial |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thrombus |dislodges |and |only |myocardium |directly
|beneath |endocardium |involved.
- |NON |STEMI |(no |ST |elevation |in |mycardial |infarction)
-- |non |Q |wave |MI
Transmural |Vs. |Subendocardial |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Transmural |MI |vs. |Subendocardial |EKG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-ALSO |REVIEW |SLIDE |6
Test |for |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Blood |tests |values |increased
- |TROPONIN |I |AND |T: |12 |hours- |2 |weeks |(most |specific)
- |LDH: |(Lactate |dehydrogenase): |72hrs-10 |days
-CK-MB |(creatine |phophonkiase- |myocardial |band |: |10 |-48 |hrs
MYOGLOBIN: |2hrs- |lasts |24 |hrs.
* |TROPONIN |AND |CK0MB |ARE |THE |TWO |MAIN |LABS |WE |LOOK |AT |TO |CONFIRM |HEART |ATTACK.
** |review |slide |22
Treatment |for |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-ANGIOPLASTY- |with |in |90 |mins
- |thrombolytic |therapy- |with |in |3 |hours
- |cardioportection |after |MI
-- |beta-blockers: |blocks |sympathetic |innervation
-- |ACE |inhibitors
Angina |Pectoris |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Chest |pain |caused |by |REVERSIBLE |myocardial |ischemia
- |S/S: |sudden |severe |chest |pain |last |*3-5 |minutes*. |pressure/squeezing, |fatigue, |nausea, |SOB.
, - |cause: |cardiovascular |disease |or |anemias
- |tx: |Rest, |nitrates |(dialte |arteries |and |viens)
Tests |for |Angina |pectoris |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--EKG- |may |be |normal
- |stress |tests
- |coronary |ANGIOGRAPHY |and |cardiac |catheterization |
--- |dye |with |x |rays |to |show |coronary |lumen
- |CBC
-- |increased |C |REACTIVE |PROTIEN |(CPR) |INDICATES |INFLAMMATION |SOMEWHERE |IN |THE |BODY.
-- |ESR- |erythrocyte |sedimentation |rate. |shows |how |quickly |red |blood |cells |peel |and |rop |to |the
|bottome
-
CABG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-coronary |artery |bypass
- |graft |involves |bypassing |major |blocks |in |the |blood |vessels |of |the |heart |to |improve |blood |flow |to
|cardiac |muscle
Define |ischemia |and |consequences |of |prolonged |ischemia |and |how |it |relates |to |atherosclerosis |(cell
|death). |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Normal |EKG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Hypokalemia |EKG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Congestive |heart |failure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |Decreased |pumping |ability |of |the |heart |to |meet
|demands |of |tissue
- |decreased |cardiac |output, |pooling |in |venous |system/organs
- |cause: |Atherosclerosis- |CAD, |HTN, |valvular |disorders, |arrhythmias, |anemia, |MI
With Correct Answers
Describe |coronary |artery |disease, |how |it |develops, |and |the |pathophysiological |basis |of |the |various
|risk |factors |that |can |lead |to |this |disorder |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |Caused: |by |the |narrowing |of |the
|arteries |that |supply |the |blood |to |they |myocardium. |this |could |be |due |to |plaque |build |up, |and |fatty
|mater
- |most |common |is |arthersclerosis.
- |Risk |factors: |poor |nutrtion/obesity, |smoking, |high |LDL, |and |low |HDL.
Myocardial |Ischemia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |the |decrease |in |the |blood |supply |to |the |heart |which
|leds |to |chest |pain |or |angina.
- |S/S: |chest |heaviness, |possible |pain |in |left |arm, |shoulder, |jaw |and |neck, |Nausea |& |breathlessness
Myocardial |infarction |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-AKA: |heart |attack |IRREVERSIBLE
- |progressive |ischemia |with |damage |to |myocardium |(myoctye |necrosis)
- |Cause: |cardiovascular |disease
- |S/S: |dyspnea, |decrease |BP |(scynocpe), |nausea, |diaphoresis, |anxiety, |sudden |sever |chest |pain |that
|may |radiate |to |left |arm
- |Women: |jaw |and |back |bain
- |Men: |chest |discomfort, |arm |pain, |and |SOB.
- |Tests: |EKG
-- |STEMI- |indicates |transmural |MI
-- |NON |STEMI- |indicates |subendocardial |MI
What |are |the |two |types |of |myocardial |infarctions |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |transmural |
2. |subendocardial
Transmural |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thrombus |remains |and |myocardium |involved |transcend |to
|epicardium
,- |STEMI |(ST |elevation |in |MI)
-- |Q- |wave |MI
Subendocardial |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thrombus |dislodges |and |only |myocardium |directly
|beneath |endocardium |involved.
- |NON |STEMI |(no |ST |elevation |in |mycardial |infarction)
-- |non |Q |wave |MI
Transmural |Vs. |Subendocardial |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Transmural |MI |vs. |Subendocardial |EKG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-ALSO |REVIEW |SLIDE |6
Test |for |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Blood |tests |values |increased
- |TROPONIN |I |AND |T: |12 |hours- |2 |weeks |(most |specific)
- |LDH: |(Lactate |dehydrogenase): |72hrs-10 |days
-CK-MB |(creatine |phophonkiase- |myocardial |band |: |10 |-48 |hrs
MYOGLOBIN: |2hrs- |lasts |24 |hrs.
* |TROPONIN |AND |CK0MB |ARE |THE |TWO |MAIN |LABS |WE |LOOK |AT |TO |CONFIRM |HEART |ATTACK.
** |review |slide |22
Treatment |for |MI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-ANGIOPLASTY- |with |in |90 |mins
- |thrombolytic |therapy- |with |in |3 |hours
- |cardioportection |after |MI
-- |beta-blockers: |blocks |sympathetic |innervation
-- |ACE |inhibitors
Angina |Pectoris |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Chest |pain |caused |by |REVERSIBLE |myocardial |ischemia
- |S/S: |sudden |severe |chest |pain |last |*3-5 |minutes*. |pressure/squeezing, |fatigue, |nausea, |SOB.
, - |cause: |cardiovascular |disease |or |anemias
- |tx: |Rest, |nitrates |(dialte |arteries |and |viens)
Tests |for |Angina |pectoris |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--EKG- |may |be |normal
- |stress |tests
- |coronary |ANGIOGRAPHY |and |cardiac |catheterization |
--- |dye |with |x |rays |to |show |coronary |lumen
- |CBC
-- |increased |C |REACTIVE |PROTIEN |(CPR) |INDICATES |INFLAMMATION |SOMEWHERE |IN |THE |BODY.
-- |ESR- |erythrocyte |sedimentation |rate. |shows |how |quickly |red |blood |cells |peel |and |rop |to |the
|bottome
-
CABG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-coronary |artery |bypass
- |graft |involves |bypassing |major |blocks |in |the |blood |vessels |of |the |heart |to |improve |blood |flow |to
|cardiac |muscle
Define |ischemia |and |consequences |of |prolonged |ischemia |and |how |it |relates |to |atherosclerosis |(cell
|death). |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Normal |EKG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Hypokalemia |EKG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-
Congestive |heart |failure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-- |Decreased |pumping |ability |of |the |heart |to |meet
|demands |of |tissue
- |decreased |cardiac |output, |pooling |in |venous |system/organs
- |cause: |Atherosclerosis- |CAD, |HTN, |valvular |disorders, |arrhythmias, |anemia, |MI
