Kin 2236 Final Exam | All Questions and
Correct Answers | Graded A+ | Verified
Answers | Latest Exam 2025
What are the causes of achilles tendinosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
- may be brought on by the neglect of acute tendinitis
- years of running
- Excessive pronation (increased load on gastrocs/soleus to resupinate)
- Poor flexibility
- Training in cold climate
- Improper footwear
Where is tendinosis usually found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------in the
midportion of the achilles
What does the diagnosis of achilles tendinosis look like? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER------------------ History, FITT, Pain
- usually 2-7 cm from the insertion onto the calcaneus (you have to understand
where its sore)
Things to observe when diagnosing Achilles tendinosis ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------- is there swelling (there shouldn't be any swelling, more so a
,thickening because its a tissue) and tenderness over a large portion of the
tendon?
- Faulty biomechanics (looking to see if they're pronating too far and too fast.
- On STTT, both plantar and dorsiflexion cause pain and crepitus (if paratenon is
involved), particularly with loading -- stretch and contract to make it sore
- Nodules/bumps may be palpable
What does the treatment of tendinosis look like? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------
--------- Eccentric strengthening programs provide 60-90% improvement in pain
and function -- Level of Evidence A
- Rehabilitative exercises including inversion/eversion to make sure the tendon
works.
What is an Achilles Rupture? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ The achilles
tendon is the most commonly ruptured tendon
- Risk factors include:
-- male sex (10:1)
-- use of steroids can weaken the achilles
-- more likely to rupture one if the other side is already ruptured (contralateral)
- Subjective Report (symptoms) include:
-- patient reports pop or snap like someone kicked them
-- pain may be immediate then rapidly subsides (usually bc its not attached to
anything so there is no tension)
--- usually pain only at the site of tear
,-- usually occurs 1-2 inches above the insertion
- Clinical signs include:
-- palpable gap
-- +ve thompson test
- dorsiflexed when relaxed
Palpation/inspection of an achilles rupture ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
Foot hangs down -- no plantar flexion
- Palpable divot 1-2" above insertion
- Unable to plantar flex. relatively loose on stretch
-- may be able to plantar flex tib post but single-leg heel raise would not be
possible (cant carry whole load of the body)
- May have bruising/redness, if seeing the patient the following day
What does a positive thompson test look like for an achilles rupture? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER------------------ no movement
-- squeezing the calf cause plantar flexion (if its not attached then it won't move
foot)
Anatomy of the knee ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ It has two joints and
three articulating surfaces
, Tibiofemoral Joint ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ articulating surfaces
between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and tibia
- allows transmission of body weight from the femur to the tibia while providing
hinge-like, sagittal plane joint rotation along with a small degree of tibial axial
rotation
-- provide hinge-like motion (flexion + extension in the sagittal plane)
Patellofemoral Joint ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ is the articulation
between the patella and femur
- the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body (which helps with the
extensor mechanism in the quads)
- referred to as the extensor mechanism
- also works eccentrically during gait
Describe the Screw Home Mechanism ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ a
mechanism where rotation occurs during the last few degrees of extension
because the medial femoral condyle is larger than the lateral
-- if foot is planted the femur rotates medially
-- if the foot is fixed the tibia rotates laterally
- this locks the joint to increase stability
-- ensures stability of the knee
-- regulates patellar alignment
- the popliteus then must contract to externally rotate the femur on the tibia to
unlock the knee
Correct Answers | Graded A+ | Verified
Answers | Latest Exam 2025
What are the causes of achilles tendinosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
- may be brought on by the neglect of acute tendinitis
- years of running
- Excessive pronation (increased load on gastrocs/soleus to resupinate)
- Poor flexibility
- Training in cold climate
- Improper footwear
Where is tendinosis usually found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------in the
midportion of the achilles
What does the diagnosis of achilles tendinosis look like? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER------------------ History, FITT, Pain
- usually 2-7 cm from the insertion onto the calcaneus (you have to understand
where its sore)
Things to observe when diagnosing Achilles tendinosis ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------- is there swelling (there shouldn't be any swelling, more so a
,thickening because its a tissue) and tenderness over a large portion of the
tendon?
- Faulty biomechanics (looking to see if they're pronating too far and too fast.
- On STTT, both plantar and dorsiflexion cause pain and crepitus (if paratenon is
involved), particularly with loading -- stretch and contract to make it sore
- Nodules/bumps may be palpable
What does the treatment of tendinosis look like? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------
--------- Eccentric strengthening programs provide 60-90% improvement in pain
and function -- Level of Evidence A
- Rehabilitative exercises including inversion/eversion to make sure the tendon
works.
What is an Achilles Rupture? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ The achilles
tendon is the most commonly ruptured tendon
- Risk factors include:
-- male sex (10:1)
-- use of steroids can weaken the achilles
-- more likely to rupture one if the other side is already ruptured (contralateral)
- Subjective Report (symptoms) include:
-- patient reports pop or snap like someone kicked them
-- pain may be immediate then rapidly subsides (usually bc its not attached to
anything so there is no tension)
--- usually pain only at the site of tear
,-- usually occurs 1-2 inches above the insertion
- Clinical signs include:
-- palpable gap
-- +ve thompson test
- dorsiflexed when relaxed
Palpation/inspection of an achilles rupture ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------
Foot hangs down -- no plantar flexion
- Palpable divot 1-2" above insertion
- Unable to plantar flex. relatively loose on stretch
-- may be able to plantar flex tib post but single-leg heel raise would not be
possible (cant carry whole load of the body)
- May have bruising/redness, if seeing the patient the following day
What does a positive thompson test look like for an achilles rupture? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER------------------ no movement
-- squeezing the calf cause plantar flexion (if its not attached then it won't move
foot)
Anatomy of the knee ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ It has two joints and
three articulating surfaces
, Tibiofemoral Joint ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ articulating surfaces
between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and tibia
- allows transmission of body weight from the femur to the tibia while providing
hinge-like, sagittal plane joint rotation along with a small degree of tibial axial
rotation
-- provide hinge-like motion (flexion + extension in the sagittal plane)
Patellofemoral Joint ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ is the articulation
between the patella and femur
- the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body (which helps with the
extensor mechanism in the quads)
- referred to as the extensor mechanism
- also works eccentrically during gait
Describe the Screw Home Mechanism ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ a
mechanism where rotation occurs during the last few degrees of extension
because the medial femoral condyle is larger than the lateral
-- if foot is planted the femur rotates medially
-- if the foot is fixed the tibia rotates laterally
- this locks the joint to increase stability
-- ensures stability of the knee
-- regulates patellar alignment
- the popliteus then must contract to externally rotate the femur on the tibia to
unlock the knee
