ISA CERTIFIED ARBORIST - CHAPTER 1
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Tree biology - ANS The study of structure and function of trees and the relationship between
them.
(pg 3)
Cells - ANS Basic building blocks of structure
(plural)
(pg 3)
Mitosis - ANS Process of cell division used to create new cells in plants. Genetically identical.
(FCHP)
Differentiation - ANS Process by which cells change their structure and specialize in a
particular function.
(pg 3)
Tissues - ANS Cells grouped together with similar structure and function.
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, (plural)
(pg 3)
Organs - ANS Organized tissues that provides a particular function to the plant
(plural)
(pg 3)
Leaves, Stems, Roots, Flowers, Fruit - ANS What are the 5 organs of a tree:
Format answer in the form of:
______, _____, _____, _______, _____
(plural)
(pg 3)
Organs, Tissues, Specialized Cells, Differentiation, Mitosis - ANS Trees are composed of
______
Organs are made up of _______
Tissues are groups of ___________ ____
Specialized Cells are created via _______________
Cells undergo Differentiation after they are created by the process of _______
Format answer in the form of:
______, _______, ___________ ____, _______________, _______
(plural)
(pg 3, FCHP)
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, Primary Growth - ANS The type of growth occurring from Apical Meristems
(pg 3)
Primary Growth - ANS The type of growth that results in the elongation of shoots and roots
(pg 3)
Apical Meristem - ANS The meristem located at the tip of a shoot or a root.
a.k.a. Primary Meristem
(singular)
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - ANS The type of growth occurring from secondary meristems.
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - ANS The type of growth that results in the widening / increase in
diameter of stems, branches, and roots.
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - ANS The type of growth that produces the wood of trees
(pg 3 & 4)
3|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Secondary Meristem - ANS The type of meristem that produces Secondary Growth
a.k.a Lateral Meristem
(singular)
(pg 3 & 4)
Buds - ANS House primary meristems in the shoots of a plant.
Can be lateral or terminal. Can develop into a shoot or a flower
(plural)
(pg 4)
Stipules - ANS Modified leaves (differing in function from true leaves) which serve to protect
the buds meristematic region and any developing shoot growth
(plural)
(FCHP)
Root Cap - ANS Overlapping scales which help protect the apical meristem of roots
(singular)
(pg 4)
Cambium - ANS The first type of Secondary (lateral) Meristem
(pg 4)
4|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Tree biology - ANS The study of structure and function of trees and the relationship between
them.
(pg 3)
Cells - ANS Basic building blocks of structure
(plural)
(pg 3)
Mitosis - ANS Process of cell division used to create new cells in plants. Genetically identical.
(FCHP)
Differentiation - ANS Process by which cells change their structure and specialize in a
particular function.
(pg 3)
Tissues - ANS Cells grouped together with similar structure and function.
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, (plural)
(pg 3)
Organs - ANS Organized tissues that provides a particular function to the plant
(plural)
(pg 3)
Leaves, Stems, Roots, Flowers, Fruit - ANS What are the 5 organs of a tree:
Format answer in the form of:
______, _____, _____, _______, _____
(plural)
(pg 3)
Organs, Tissues, Specialized Cells, Differentiation, Mitosis - ANS Trees are composed of
______
Organs are made up of _______
Tissues are groups of ___________ ____
Specialized Cells are created via _______________
Cells undergo Differentiation after they are created by the process of _______
Format answer in the form of:
______, _______, ___________ ____, _______________, _______
(plural)
(pg 3, FCHP)
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Primary Growth - ANS The type of growth occurring from Apical Meristems
(pg 3)
Primary Growth - ANS The type of growth that results in the elongation of shoots and roots
(pg 3)
Apical Meristem - ANS The meristem located at the tip of a shoot or a root.
a.k.a. Primary Meristem
(singular)
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - ANS The type of growth occurring from secondary meristems.
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - ANS The type of growth that results in the widening / increase in
diameter of stems, branches, and roots.
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - ANS The type of growth that produces the wood of trees
(pg 3 & 4)
3|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Secondary Meristem - ANS The type of meristem that produces Secondary Growth
a.k.a Lateral Meristem
(singular)
(pg 3 & 4)
Buds - ANS House primary meristems in the shoots of a plant.
Can be lateral or terminal. Can develop into a shoot or a flower
(plural)
(pg 4)
Stipules - ANS Modified leaves (differing in function from true leaves) which serve to protect
the buds meristematic region and any developing shoot growth
(plural)
(FCHP)
Root Cap - ANS Overlapping scales which help protect the apical meristem of roots
(singular)
(pg 4)
Cambium - ANS The first type of Secondary (lateral) Meristem
(pg 4)
4|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
