NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM ALL 70 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST EX, Exams of Nursing
(Walden University)
1. What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the
ventricles are filled with blood?
a. Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
b. Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.
c. Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
d. Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves
closed. <<<answer>>>ANS: B
During ventricular relaxation, the two atrioventricular valves open and blood flows
from the higher pressure atria to the relaxed ventricles. With increasing
ventricular pressure, these valves close and prevent backflow into the atria as the
ventricles contract. The chordae tendineae attach the bottom end of the AV valves
to the papillary muscles. The endocardium covers beamlike projections of muscle
tissue, called trabeculae carneae. The valves are not pulled closed by reduced
atrial pressure.
1. A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the
papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best?
a. The papillary muscles close the semilunar valves.
b. These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves.
,c. They open the atrioventricular valves.
d. The papillary muscles open the semilunar valves. <<<answer>>>ANS: B
The papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium that pull the cusps of the
AV valves together and downward at the onset of ventricular contraction, thus
preventing their backward expulsion into the atria. They do not close the
semilunar valves or open the AV valves or semilunar valves.
1. During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
ventricles relax?
a. Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close.
b. Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
c. Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the
valves closed.
d. Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the
valves. <<<answer>>>ANS: D
When the ventricles relax, blood fills the cusps and causes their free edges to
meet in the middle of the vessel, closing the valve and preventing any backflow.
The papillary muscles function in the tricuspid and mitral valves as do the chordae
tendineae. Reduced pressure does not pull the valves closed.
1. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
a. Superior vena cava
b. Pulmonary veins
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Coronary veins <<<answer>>>ANS: B
, The four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left lung,
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart. All other veins
carry deoxygenated blood. The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood
from systemic circulation to the right atrium. The pulmonary arteries carry
deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart into the lungs.
1. A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What
would the student expect to see when examining this patient?
a. Improvement in atrial dysrhythmias
b. Increased blood pressure
c. Signs of decreased cardiac output
d. Elevations in serum troponin levels <<<answer>>>ANS: C
Left atrial contraction, the atrial kick, provides a significant increase of blood to
the left ventricle. This would help to increase cardiac output. With the loss of this
atrial kick, the student would expect to find signs of decreased cardiac output
such as decreased blood pressure or tachycardia. Loss of atrial kick would not
improve dysrhythmias or increase serum troponin levels which usually indicate
myocardial damage.
1. Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction
would interrupt blood supply to which structures?
a. Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum
b. Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle
c. Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex
d. Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles
<<<answer>>>ANS: A
MIDTERM ALL 70 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST EX, Exams of Nursing
(Walden University)
1. What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the
ventricles are filled with blood?
a. Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
b. Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.
c. Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
d. Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves
closed. <<<answer>>>ANS: B
During ventricular relaxation, the two atrioventricular valves open and blood flows
from the higher pressure atria to the relaxed ventricles. With increasing
ventricular pressure, these valves close and prevent backflow into the atria as the
ventricles contract. The chordae tendineae attach the bottom end of the AV valves
to the papillary muscles. The endocardium covers beamlike projections of muscle
tissue, called trabeculae carneae. The valves are not pulled closed by reduced
atrial pressure.
1. A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the
papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best?
a. The papillary muscles close the semilunar valves.
b. These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves.
,c. They open the atrioventricular valves.
d. The papillary muscles open the semilunar valves. <<<answer>>>ANS: B
The papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium that pull the cusps of the
AV valves together and downward at the onset of ventricular contraction, thus
preventing their backward expulsion into the atria. They do not close the
semilunar valves or open the AV valves or semilunar valves.
1. During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
ventricles relax?
a. Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close.
b. Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
c. Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the
valves closed.
d. Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the
valves. <<<answer>>>ANS: D
When the ventricles relax, blood fills the cusps and causes their free edges to
meet in the middle of the vessel, closing the valve and preventing any backflow.
The papillary muscles function in the tricuspid and mitral valves as do the chordae
tendineae. Reduced pressure does not pull the valves closed.
1. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
a. Superior vena cava
b. Pulmonary veins
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Coronary veins <<<answer>>>ANS: B
, The four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left lung,
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart. All other veins
carry deoxygenated blood. The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood
from systemic circulation to the right atrium. The pulmonary arteries carry
deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart into the lungs.
1. A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What
would the student expect to see when examining this patient?
a. Improvement in atrial dysrhythmias
b. Increased blood pressure
c. Signs of decreased cardiac output
d. Elevations in serum troponin levels <<<answer>>>ANS: C
Left atrial contraction, the atrial kick, provides a significant increase of blood to
the left ventricle. This would help to increase cardiac output. With the loss of this
atrial kick, the student would expect to find signs of decreased cardiac output
such as decreased blood pressure or tachycardia. Loss of atrial kick would not
improve dysrhythmias or increase serum troponin levels which usually indicate
myocardial damage.
1. Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction
would interrupt blood supply to which structures?
a. Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum
b. Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle
c. Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex
d. Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles
<<<answer>>>ANS: A
