DHN 101 EXAM 2 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
In a person with type II diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because -
ANS muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal
In 2008 FDA approved a sweetener derived from a South African shrub called - ANS Stevia
In the US the artificial sweetener _____ has been used for over 100 years - ANS saccharin
The alternative sweetener that is made by combining the amino acids phenylalanine and
aspartic acid is called - ANS aspartame
The alternative sweetener _____ is made by chemically modifying a sucrose molecule so it
escapes digestion and absorption - ANS sucralose
After eating a meal, blood sugar levels - ANS increase
After a late night, you overslept this morning and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the
house, you failed to eat breakfast. A few hours later, with an empty stomach, your blood
pressure drops. This prompts your pancreas to release _____ to stimulate breakdown of
glycogen in the liver into glucose. - ANS glucagon
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, After morning class, with your stomach growling, you stagger to the cafeteria and devour a
large pasta entrée for lunch. Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas
releases _____ in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells. - ANS insulin
You go to your next class, but because you're so full from lunch, you doze off. You awake to
your classmate poking you in the arm as you realize the teacher is calling your name to answer
a question. With your heart racing, your body now releases _____, which increases glycogen
breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar. - ANS epinephrine
Nutritive sweeteners - ANS sugar, corn syrup, polydextrose, maltodextrin, & sorbitol
Nonnutritive sweeteners - ANS sucralose & Acesulfame-K
Contrary to popular belief, all of the alternative sweeteners approved for sale in the U.S. are
safe for human consumption and have never been proven to be carcinogenic (cancer-causing)
in humans. Of the following alternative sweeteners, which one is banned for sale in the U.S.
because of controversial research that indicated the substance caused bladder cancer in mice? -
ANS Cyclamate
Insulin does what? - ANS allows cells to take in glucose
Individuals with type 1 diabetes - ANS do not produce insulin
Digestible carbs - ANS amylose, amylopectin, glycogen
Indigestible carbs - ANS cellulose, gums, pectins, and mucilages
Amylase does what? - ANS begins breakdown of starch in mouth
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Lactase does what? - ANS breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose
Maltase does what? - ANS breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose
Sucrose does what? - ANS breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose
True of false: Because animals store glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish, and poultry are good
sources of carbs because you are eating the dead animal's stored glucose - ANS False
If a diet does not provide adequate carbs to meet immediate energy needs, the body
compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. Insufficient dietary carbs can lead to
elevated levels of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are the byproducts of partial breakdown of -
ANS fat
Fiber plays an important role in bowel health; a diet that is low in fiber leads to ____ stools -
ANS small, hard
A low-fiber diet and the lack of water in fecal matter can cause ______. - ANS constipation
If excessive straining occurs during defecation, the anal veins can swell, causing _______ -
ANS hemorrhoids
High pressure inside the large intestine during bowel movements can cause small pouches
called ______ to protrude through the intestinal wall. - ANS diverticula
When these pouches are painfully inflames, the condition is known as _____ -
ANS diverticulitis
3|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, If pouches in the large intestine exist without painful symptoms, the condition is known as
_____ - ANS diverticulosis
Fiber increases satiety which does what? - ANS helps produce weight loss
Fiber reduces cholesterol absorption and increases cholesterol excretion which -
ANS reduces cardiovascular disease
Soluble fiber slows digestion and minimizes dramatic swings in blood glucose ans -
ANS improves diabetes management
Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and increases regularity which - ANS promotes colon
health
The majority of Americans with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, formerly called ______ -
ANS adult-onset diabetes
The major type of diabetes is characterized by _____ - ANS insulin resistance
Approximately 5-10% of diabetes cases are type 1 diabetes, formerly called _____ -
ANS juvenile-onset diabetes
The less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in ______ - ANS no
pancreatic insulin
The type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called _______. Women who have this
condition are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after giving birth. -
ANS gestational diabetes
4|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
ANSWERS
In a person with type II diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because -
ANS muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal
In 2008 FDA approved a sweetener derived from a South African shrub called - ANS Stevia
In the US the artificial sweetener _____ has been used for over 100 years - ANS saccharin
The alternative sweetener that is made by combining the amino acids phenylalanine and
aspartic acid is called - ANS aspartame
The alternative sweetener _____ is made by chemically modifying a sucrose molecule so it
escapes digestion and absorption - ANS sucralose
After eating a meal, blood sugar levels - ANS increase
After a late night, you overslept this morning and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the
house, you failed to eat breakfast. A few hours later, with an empty stomach, your blood
pressure drops. This prompts your pancreas to release _____ to stimulate breakdown of
glycogen in the liver into glucose. - ANS glucagon
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, After morning class, with your stomach growling, you stagger to the cafeteria and devour a
large pasta entrée for lunch. Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas
releases _____ in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells. - ANS insulin
You go to your next class, but because you're so full from lunch, you doze off. You awake to
your classmate poking you in the arm as you realize the teacher is calling your name to answer
a question. With your heart racing, your body now releases _____, which increases glycogen
breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar. - ANS epinephrine
Nutritive sweeteners - ANS sugar, corn syrup, polydextrose, maltodextrin, & sorbitol
Nonnutritive sweeteners - ANS sucralose & Acesulfame-K
Contrary to popular belief, all of the alternative sweeteners approved for sale in the U.S. are
safe for human consumption and have never been proven to be carcinogenic (cancer-causing)
in humans. Of the following alternative sweeteners, which one is banned for sale in the U.S.
because of controversial research that indicated the substance caused bladder cancer in mice? -
ANS Cyclamate
Insulin does what? - ANS allows cells to take in glucose
Individuals with type 1 diabetes - ANS do not produce insulin
Digestible carbs - ANS amylose, amylopectin, glycogen
Indigestible carbs - ANS cellulose, gums, pectins, and mucilages
Amylase does what? - ANS begins breakdown of starch in mouth
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Lactase does what? - ANS breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose
Maltase does what? - ANS breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose
Sucrose does what? - ANS breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose
True of false: Because animals store glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish, and poultry are good
sources of carbs because you are eating the dead animal's stored glucose - ANS False
If a diet does not provide adequate carbs to meet immediate energy needs, the body
compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. Insufficient dietary carbs can lead to
elevated levels of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are the byproducts of partial breakdown of -
ANS fat
Fiber plays an important role in bowel health; a diet that is low in fiber leads to ____ stools -
ANS small, hard
A low-fiber diet and the lack of water in fecal matter can cause ______. - ANS constipation
If excessive straining occurs during defecation, the anal veins can swell, causing _______ -
ANS hemorrhoids
High pressure inside the large intestine during bowel movements can cause small pouches
called ______ to protrude through the intestinal wall. - ANS diverticula
When these pouches are painfully inflames, the condition is known as _____ -
ANS diverticulitis
3|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, If pouches in the large intestine exist without painful symptoms, the condition is known as
_____ - ANS diverticulosis
Fiber increases satiety which does what? - ANS helps produce weight loss
Fiber reduces cholesterol absorption and increases cholesterol excretion which -
ANS reduces cardiovascular disease
Soluble fiber slows digestion and minimizes dramatic swings in blood glucose ans -
ANS improves diabetes management
Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and increases regularity which - ANS promotes colon
health
The majority of Americans with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, formerly called ______ -
ANS adult-onset diabetes
The major type of diabetes is characterized by _____ - ANS insulin resistance
Approximately 5-10% of diabetes cases are type 1 diabetes, formerly called _____ -
ANS juvenile-onset diabetes
The less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in ______ - ANS no
pancreatic insulin
The type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called _______. Women who have this
condition are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after giving birth. -
ANS gestational diabetes
4|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
