Advanced Health Assessment - Cardiac Exam
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct(well
explained)
Which cardiac structure is responsible for the heart's pumping action?
A. Pericardium
B. Epicardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium - ANSWER ANS: C
The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer that is responsible
for the pumping action of the heart. The pericardium is the tough,
double-walled, fibrous sac that protects the heart. The epicardium is the
thin outermost muscle layer that covers the heart and extends onto the
great vessels. The endocardium is the innermost layer that lines the
chambers of the heart and covers heart valves.
Contraction of the ventricles causes:
A. closure of the atrioventricular valves.
B. closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves.
C. opening of the auricular septa.
D. opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves. - ANSWER ANS: A
When the ventricles contract the semilunar valves, the pulmonic and
aortic valves open, causing blood to rush into the pulmonary artery and
the aorta. At this time, the tricuspid and mitral valves close, preventing
backflow into the atria. When the atria contract, the tricuspid and mitral
valves open, allowing blood flow into the ventricles. When the
ventricles relax during diastole (ventricles are filling), the aortic and
pulmonic valves close, preventing backflow into the ventricles.
,Which two structures together form the primary muscle mass of the
heart?
A. Right and left ventricles
B. Left ventricle and the aorta
C. Right and left atria
D. Left atrium and the pulmonary vein - ANSWER ANS: A
The ventricles are large, thick-walled chambers that pump blood to the
lungs and throughout the body. The right and left ventricles together
form the primary muscle mass of the heart. The left ventricle pumps
blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which provides blood to
the rest of the body. The right and left atria pump blood through
the tricuspid and mitral valves to the ventricles. The pulmonary vein
pumps oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the
left atria.
The major heart sounds are normally
created by: A. valves opening.
B. valves closing.
C. the rapid movement of blood.
D. rubbing together of the cardiac walls. - ANSWER ANS: B
At the beginning of systole, ventricular contraction raises the pressure in
the ventricles and forces the mitral and tricuspid valves closed, which
produces the first heart sound S1 "lubb." When the pressure in the
ventricles falls, when the ventricles are almost empty, below that of the
aorta and pulmonary artery, the aortic and pulmonic valves close,
producing the second heart sound S2 "dubb." Valve opening is usually a
silent event.
, Ms. Sharpe is a 22-year-old secretary. She presents with fatigue,
malaise, and a rash. On auscultation of her heart, you note murmurs of
mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis. She reports a recent severe
sore throat. You suspect: A. angina.
B. acute rheumatic fever.
C. cardiac amyloidosis.
D. aortic sclerosis. - ANSWER ANS: B
Acute rheumatic fever is a systemic connective tissue disease that occurs
after a streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infection. It may result in
serious cardiac valvular involvement of the mitral or aortic valve. Often
the valve becomes stenotic and regurgitant. Prevention is adequate
treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infections.
A grade IV mitral regurgitation murmur
would: A. be described as a diastolic
murmur.
B. not be expected to have a thrill.
C. radiate to the axilla.
D. be heard best at the base. - ANSWER ANS: C
A grade IV murmur would have a thrill; and a mitral regurgitation
murmur is best heard at the apex, is holosystolic, and would radiate to
the axilla.
Electrical activity recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing
that denotes the spread of the stimulus through the atria is the: A. P
wave.
B. PR interval.
C. QRS complex.
D. ST segment. - ANSWER ANS: A
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct(well
explained)
Which cardiac structure is responsible for the heart's pumping action?
A. Pericardium
B. Epicardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium - ANSWER ANS: C
The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer that is responsible
for the pumping action of the heart. The pericardium is the tough,
double-walled, fibrous sac that protects the heart. The epicardium is the
thin outermost muscle layer that covers the heart and extends onto the
great vessels. The endocardium is the innermost layer that lines the
chambers of the heart and covers heart valves.
Contraction of the ventricles causes:
A. closure of the atrioventricular valves.
B. closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves.
C. opening of the auricular septa.
D. opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves. - ANSWER ANS: A
When the ventricles contract the semilunar valves, the pulmonic and
aortic valves open, causing blood to rush into the pulmonary artery and
the aorta. At this time, the tricuspid and mitral valves close, preventing
backflow into the atria. When the atria contract, the tricuspid and mitral
valves open, allowing blood flow into the ventricles. When the
ventricles relax during diastole (ventricles are filling), the aortic and
pulmonic valves close, preventing backflow into the ventricles.
,Which two structures together form the primary muscle mass of the
heart?
A. Right and left ventricles
B. Left ventricle and the aorta
C. Right and left atria
D. Left atrium and the pulmonary vein - ANSWER ANS: A
The ventricles are large, thick-walled chambers that pump blood to the
lungs and throughout the body. The right and left ventricles together
form the primary muscle mass of the heart. The left ventricle pumps
blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which provides blood to
the rest of the body. The right and left atria pump blood through
the tricuspid and mitral valves to the ventricles. The pulmonary vein
pumps oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the
left atria.
The major heart sounds are normally
created by: A. valves opening.
B. valves closing.
C. the rapid movement of blood.
D. rubbing together of the cardiac walls. - ANSWER ANS: B
At the beginning of systole, ventricular contraction raises the pressure in
the ventricles and forces the mitral and tricuspid valves closed, which
produces the first heart sound S1 "lubb." When the pressure in the
ventricles falls, when the ventricles are almost empty, below that of the
aorta and pulmonary artery, the aortic and pulmonic valves close,
producing the second heart sound S2 "dubb." Valve opening is usually a
silent event.
, Ms. Sharpe is a 22-year-old secretary. She presents with fatigue,
malaise, and a rash. On auscultation of her heart, you note murmurs of
mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis. She reports a recent severe
sore throat. You suspect: A. angina.
B. acute rheumatic fever.
C. cardiac amyloidosis.
D. aortic sclerosis. - ANSWER ANS: B
Acute rheumatic fever is a systemic connective tissue disease that occurs
after a streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infection. It may result in
serious cardiac valvular involvement of the mitral or aortic valve. Often
the valve becomes stenotic and regurgitant. Prevention is adequate
treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infections.
A grade IV mitral regurgitation murmur
would: A. be described as a diastolic
murmur.
B. not be expected to have a thrill.
C. radiate to the axilla.
D. be heard best at the base. - ANSWER ANS: C
A grade IV murmur would have a thrill; and a mitral regurgitation
murmur is best heard at the apex, is holosystolic, and would radiate to
the axilla.
Electrical activity recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing
that denotes the spread of the stimulus through the atria is the: A. P
wave.
B. PR interval.
C. QRS complex.
D. ST segment. - ANSWER ANS: A
