NR 507 FINAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+
Acute Renal Failure correct answers >> Sudden loss
of kidney function caused by illness, injury, toxin that
stresses kidneys
Reversible
Determining prognosis of acute renal failure correct
answers >> Kidney's response to diuretics with good
output
Indicates kidneys are functioning well
Pre-renal failure correct answers >> Most common
cause of acute renal failure
Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood
flow
Intrarenal failure correct answers >> Direct damage
to kidney
Contrast dye from a procedure
,Post renal failure correct answers >> Disease states
downstream of the kidney
Most often occur due to urinary obstruction
Acute Pyelonephritis pathophysiology correct answers
>> Bacterial colonization: E. Coli
Adherence and invasion
Inflammation and immune response: causes symptoms,
fever, flank pain
Renal injury and complications: renal scarring, abscess,
sepsis, renal failure
Acute Pyelonephritis assessment correct answers >>
Clinical symptoms alone: similar to cystitis, sicker with
pyelo
Symptoms: flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
Severe injection symptoms: high fever chills tachycardia
Acute Pyelonephritis labs correct answers >>
Urinalysis: positive urine culture with significant
bacteriuria, pyuria, WBC casts (not always present)
CBC: elevated WBC
Imaging: structural abnormalities, complications (abscess
formation or obstruction)
, Acute Pyelonephritis treatment correct answers >>
Antibiotic
Supportive care: hydration, analgesics
Hospitalization: severe cases, pregnant women,
comorbidities, unable to tolerate oral intake
Follow-up: crucial to monitor treatment, complete full
course of antibiotics, repeat urine culture
Renal calculi pathophysiology correct answers >>
Supersaturation: urine is oversaturated with thing like
calcium
Nucleation crystals act as nucleation sites where more
crystal deposition can occur
Crystal retention
Stone growth and composition
Renal calculi physical exam correct answers >>
Flank or abdominal pain, CVA tenderness, hamturia
Renal calculi lab tests correct answers >> Urinalysis:
blood, crystals, infection
Blood test: evaluate renal function, identify metabolic
abnormalities
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+
Acute Renal Failure correct answers >> Sudden loss
of kidney function caused by illness, injury, toxin that
stresses kidneys
Reversible
Determining prognosis of acute renal failure correct
answers >> Kidney's response to diuretics with good
output
Indicates kidneys are functioning well
Pre-renal failure correct answers >> Most common
cause of acute renal failure
Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood
flow
Intrarenal failure correct answers >> Direct damage
to kidney
Contrast dye from a procedure
,Post renal failure correct answers >> Disease states
downstream of the kidney
Most often occur due to urinary obstruction
Acute Pyelonephritis pathophysiology correct answers
>> Bacterial colonization: E. Coli
Adherence and invasion
Inflammation and immune response: causes symptoms,
fever, flank pain
Renal injury and complications: renal scarring, abscess,
sepsis, renal failure
Acute Pyelonephritis assessment correct answers >>
Clinical symptoms alone: similar to cystitis, sicker with
pyelo
Symptoms: flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
Severe injection symptoms: high fever chills tachycardia
Acute Pyelonephritis labs correct answers >>
Urinalysis: positive urine culture with significant
bacteriuria, pyuria, WBC casts (not always present)
CBC: elevated WBC
Imaging: structural abnormalities, complications (abscess
formation or obstruction)
, Acute Pyelonephritis treatment correct answers >>
Antibiotic
Supportive care: hydration, analgesics
Hospitalization: severe cases, pregnant women,
comorbidities, unable to tolerate oral intake
Follow-up: crucial to monitor treatment, complete full
course of antibiotics, repeat urine culture
Renal calculi pathophysiology correct answers >>
Supersaturation: urine is oversaturated with thing like
calcium
Nucleation crystals act as nucleation sites where more
crystal deposition can occur
Crystal retention
Stone growth and composition
Renal calculi physical exam correct answers >>
Flank or abdominal pain, CVA tenderness, hamturia
Renal calculi lab tests correct answers >> Urinalysis:
blood, crystals, infection
Blood test: evaluate renal function, identify metabolic
abnormalities
