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Biochemie Barel Samenvatting

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Samenvatting van 36 pagina's voor het vak Biochemie aan de VUB

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Biochemie: Barel deel 1
1) Structuur en functie van eiwitten
 Enzymen (katalisatoren)
 Transport (hemoglobine)
 Structuur (collageen)
 Membranaire receptoren
 Controle en differentiatie op DNA niveau

A. Aminozuren
 Bestaan uit: Centraal sp3 c-atoon + COOH (carboxyl) + NH2 (amine) + H + R
(4zijtakken)
 20 verschillende soorten
 Zijn kleurloos: absorberen geen zichtbaar licht
o Phenylanine Phe
o Tyrosine Tyr absorberen UV-licht (via aromatische zijtak)
o Tryptofaan Trp
o Vaak gekleurd met fluorescamine
 L en D configuratie: isomeren
Sp3 atoom dat 4 verschillende zijtakken heeft = OPTISCHE activiteit (behalve glycine)
De verschillende zijtakken kunnen dus op verschillende manieren georiënteerd zijn.
Optische activiteit kan polaristatievlak gepolariseerd licht draaien. Eiwitten uit natuur =
enkel L-CONFIGURATIE




 Het zijn polaire moleculen: door COOH en NH2 (oplosbaar in water= hydrofyl)
 AMFOTEREN: zowel ZUUR als BASE eigenschappen
 Zijn bovendien altijd zwakke base-zuren = BUFFERS
o COOH = zwak zuur (COO- + H+)
o NH2 = zwakke base (NH2 + H+ => NH3+)µ
o Bufferen alle fysiologische vochten
 R zijtak meestal ook polair (niet altijd)




1

, 2) Binding van 2 aminozuren

= peptidebinding + condensatiereactie tss CARBOXYL en AMINIO groep




 De reactie kan meerdere keren herhaald worden = polypeptidebinding
 Polariteit gaat van NH2 tot COOH ( )
 Bestaat uiteraard uit CONSTANT (COOH-NH2-C en VARIABEL (r-takken) gedeelte
 Polypeptiden-binding = ZWAVELbruggen (-s-s covalent gebonden) = sterke binding




 Kleine polipeptiden (oligopeptiden) = minder dan 50 aminozuren molm < 5500
 Grote polipeptiden (eiwitten) = 50-2000 aminozuren molm 5500-220000

3) Eiwitstructuren

Primaire structuur:

 Volgorde van verschillende aminozuren
 De sekwentie van het eiwit (NH2 – COOH) + structuur R-zijtakken




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