PSG 112 Exam 2 Questions with correct answers

PSG 112 Exam 2 Questions with correct
answers
for |sleep |it |is |the |height |of |the |signal |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-amplitude



time |taken |for |full |cycle |of |a |waveform |to |occur |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-duration



number |of |cycles |of |a |signal |in |a |fixed |period |of |time |(usually |a |second). |The |number |of |cycles |per
|second |is |the |frequency |in |Hz |(Hertz) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-frequency




a |measure |of |frequency, |referring |to |CPS |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hertz |(Hz)



a |measurement |of |electrical |force |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-volt



number |of |times |repeats |itself |or |oscillates |in |a |second |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-frequency



The |magnitude |of |a |signal, |measured |from |the |top |most |point |(zenith) |to |the |lowest |point |(nadir).
|The |measurement |for |electrical |signals |like |EEG |is



usually |volts |or |portions |of |a |volts. |A |microvolt |uV |is |1/1,000 |volt. |In |sleep |recordings |amplitude |is
|the |height |of |the |signal |on |the |vertical |(Y) |axis. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-amplitude




voltage |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-amplitude |is |directly |affected |by



muscle |activity |and |cognitive |responsiveness |is |high. |EEG |shows |high |frequency/mixed |voltages. |EMG
|amplitude |high. |Awake |with |eyes |closed |will |show |alpha |waves |in |the |occipital |regions |of |the |brain. |-


|VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |W




Transitional |stage |easily |awakened. |EEG |shows |low |voltage/mixed |frequency |waves. |Vertex |sharp
|waves |may |be |seen |over |the |central |regions |of |the |brain. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |N1

,EEG |shows |sleep |spindles |in |the |central |areas |of |the |brain |and |K |complexes |in |the |frontal |areas |of
|the |brain. |Senses |begin |to |become |blocked. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |N2




EEG |shows |some |Delta |waves. |Moderate |amount |of |low |frequency, |high |amplitude |activity |in |the
|frontal |areas |of |the |brain. |Deep |sleep, |difficult |to |awaken. |Restorative |for |the |body. |- |VERIFIED


|ANSWER✔✔-Stage |N3




Rapid |eye |movements |except |Tonic |REM. |Paradoxical |sleep |( |brain |waves |(EEG) |resemble |wake |but
|muscles |are |paralyzed. |Sawtooth |waves |are |maximal |in |amplitude



over |the |central |regions |of |the |brain.

Restorative |for |the |mind. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |REM



Defined |as |the |time |(in |minutes) |from |Sleep |Onset |to |the |1st |epoch |of |REM

Normal |is |considered |90-120 |minutes |from |Sleep |Onset |
|



Less |than |that |could |indicate |Excessive |Daytime |Sleepiness |or
|



Rebound |Effect

|Greater |than |that |could |indicate |Insomnia, |Disrupted |sleep |or |too |much |sleep |the |previous |night |-
|VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-REM |Latency




8-13 |Hz |primarily |occipital |(eyes |closed, |attenuating |with |eyes |open), |seen |during |wake |and |arousals.
|Seen |in |the |O's |(occipital |region) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Alpha




0.5-2 |Hz |at |least |75uV |amplitude. |Seen |during |N3. |Seen |in |the |F's |(frontal |region). |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-Delta




4-7 |Hz. |Seen |during |N1, |N2 |and |REM |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Theta



11-16 |Hz |at |least |0.5 |seconds. |Seen

during |N2 |in |the |C's |(central |regions) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Spindles

, negative |wave |followed |by |positive |component |at |least |0.5 |seconds |long. |Seen |in |F's. |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-K |Complex




Eye |blink |frequency |of |0.5-2 |Hz

| Reading |eye |movements

|Irregular |conjugate |rapid |eye |movements |assoc. |with |normal |or |high |chin |muscle |tone |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-If |no |alpha |is |discernable |stage |W |if |any |of |the |following |are |present:




Senses |are |still |active

|Normally |comprises |5-10% |of |TST |(total |sleep |time), |but |is |seen |much |higher |in |patients |with |sleep
|disturbances



| Slow |rolling |eye |movements |(SEM)

|Low |amplitude |mixed |frequency |(LAMF) |EEG |Vertex |waves |may |be |seen |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-

Stage |N1 |Characteristics



- |slow-wave |sleep |(SWS) |aka |deep |sleep. |Stage |3 |and |4 |were |combined |in |2007 |into |just |stage |3 |for
|all |of |deep |sleep. |Stage |3 |was |formerly |the |transition |between |stage |2 |and |stage |4 |where |delta

|waves, |associated |with |"deep" |sleep, |began |to |occur, |while |delta |wave |dominated |in |stage |4.




Stage |N3

|Dreaming |is |more |common |in |this |stage |than |in |other |stages |of |NREM |sleep |though |not |as |common
|as |in |REM |sleep. |The |content |of |SWS |dreams |tends |to |be |disconnected, |less |vivid, |and |less
|memorable |than |those |that |occur |during |REM |sleep. |This |is |also |the |stage |during |which |parasomnias

|most |commonly |occur.




Stage |N3

| Stage |Non-REM |3

| Normally |comprises |20% |- |25% |of |TST |(higher

in |infants, |children |& |adolescents)