WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms
should you anticipate in your assessment? - ✔✔
✔✔Obstructive sleep apnea would most likely be found in a patient diagnosed with -
✔✔
✔✔A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, "My feet
swell if I eat salt but I don't understand why" The nurse's best response is - ✔✔
✔✔When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up
and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is - ✔✔
✔✔When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up
and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is - ✔✔
✔✔To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette
smoke - ✔✔
✔✔ A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is
most likely characterized by a(n) - ✔✔elderly woman without a previous history of MI.
✔✔In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? - ✔✔Atrial
fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute
✔✔Aortic regurgitation is associated with - ✔✔diastolic murmur.
✔✔Mitral stenosis is associated with - ✔✔a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.
✔✔First-degree heart block is characterized by - ✔✔prolonged PR interval.
✔✔Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension
according to the JNC-7 criteria? - ✔✔128/82
✔✔Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? -
✔✔Edema
✔✔Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they -
✔✔reduce cardiac output.
, ✔✔Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of -
✔✔peripheral pooling of blood.
✔✔While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was
noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of
this finding? - ✔✔Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary
artery disease.
✔✔Hypertension is closely linked to - ✔✔obstructive sleep apnea.
✔✔In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal
blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon
standing? - ✔✔Class II, Compensated Stage
✔✔Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock? -
✔✔Crystalloids
✔✔Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood
pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? - ✔✔Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
✔✔A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is
therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis. - ✔✔False
A patient diagnosed with cardiogenic shock who is hyperventilating is at risk for
respiratory alkalosis.
✔✔Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of - ✔✔β-hemolytic
streptococcal infection.
✔✔Left-sided heart failure is characterized by - ✔✔pulmonary congestion.
✔✔Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to - ✔✔rupture.
✔✔A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS
complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which
rhythm? - ✔✔Ventricular escape rhythm
✔✔Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms
are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class? - ✔✔Class I
✔✔Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy. - ✔✔False
Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in hypertrophy.
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms
should you anticipate in your assessment? - ✔✔
✔✔Obstructive sleep apnea would most likely be found in a patient diagnosed with -
✔✔
✔✔A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, "My feet
swell if I eat salt but I don't understand why" The nurse's best response is - ✔✔
✔✔When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up
and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is - ✔✔
✔✔When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up
and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is - ✔✔
✔✔To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette
smoke - ✔✔
✔✔ A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is
most likely characterized by a(n) - ✔✔elderly woman without a previous history of MI.
✔✔In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? - ✔✔Atrial
fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute
✔✔Aortic regurgitation is associated with - ✔✔diastolic murmur.
✔✔Mitral stenosis is associated with - ✔✔a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.
✔✔First-degree heart block is characterized by - ✔✔prolonged PR interval.
✔✔Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension
according to the JNC-7 criteria? - ✔✔128/82
✔✔Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? -
✔✔Edema
✔✔Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they -
✔✔reduce cardiac output.
, ✔✔Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of -
✔✔peripheral pooling of blood.
✔✔While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was
noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of
this finding? - ✔✔Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary
artery disease.
✔✔Hypertension is closely linked to - ✔✔obstructive sleep apnea.
✔✔In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal
blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon
standing? - ✔✔Class II, Compensated Stage
✔✔Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock? -
✔✔Crystalloids
✔✔Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood
pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? - ✔✔Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
✔✔A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is
therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis. - ✔✔False
A patient diagnosed with cardiogenic shock who is hyperventilating is at risk for
respiratory alkalosis.
✔✔Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of - ✔✔β-hemolytic
streptococcal infection.
✔✔Left-sided heart failure is characterized by - ✔✔pulmonary congestion.
✔✔Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to - ✔✔rupture.
✔✔A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS
complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which
rhythm? - ✔✔Ventricular escape rhythm
✔✔Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms
are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class? - ✔✔Class I
✔✔Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy. - ✔✔False
Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in hypertrophy.
