OpenStax Psychology 2e - Full
American Psychological Association -
professional organization representing psychologists in the United States
behaviorism -
focus on observing and controlling behavior
biopsychology -
study of how biology influences behavior
biopsychosocial model -
perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to
determine an individual's health
clinical psychology -
area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior
cognitive psychology -
study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
counseling psychology -
area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and
other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals
developmental psychology -
scientific study of development across a lifespan
dissertation -
long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate's
doctoral training
empirical method -
method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation,
rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
forensic psychology -
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues
within and related to the justice system
functionalism -
focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
humanism -
1
, perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate
to all humans
introspection -
process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt
to break it into its component parts
ology -
suffix that denotes "scientific study of"
PhD -
(doctor of philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives
housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences
PsyD -
(doctor of psychology) doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-
oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context
personality psychology -
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique
personality trait -
consistent pattern of thought and behavior
postdoctoral training program -
allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their
research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field
psyche -
Greek word for soul
psychoanalytic theory -
focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
psychology -
scientific study of the mind and behavior
sport and exercise psychology -
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional
factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities
structuralism -
understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Wilhelm Wundt -
established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany
Plato -
2
, Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.
Descartes -
French philosopher, nativist, and dualist
Dualism -
the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
William James -
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our
environment
Erik Erikson -
famous for his 8-stage model of psychosocial development; neo-Freudian
John B. Watson -
developed behaviorism ( the study of observable behavior)
Ivan Pavlov -
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
Albert Bandura -
Social learning theory; Bobo doll experiment
Abraham Maslow -
created hierarchy of needs
Lawrence Kohlberg -
Theory of Moral Development
Naomi Weisstein -
Credited with starting the feminist revolution in psychology
Anna Freud -
Continued her father's work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children.
Charles Darwin -
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection
(1809-1882)
Democritus -
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or
atoms
behaviorist perspective -
the psychological perspective primarily concerned with observable behavior that
can be objectively recorded and with the relationships of observable behavior to environmental
stimuli
3
, psychoanalytic perspective -
the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human
behavior
evolutionary psychology -
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural
selection
cognitive perspective -
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
The Interpretation of Dreams -
the Bible of Psychoanalysis by Freud
sociocultural perspective -
perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture
critical thinking -
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it
examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Hypothesis -
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Stanley Milgram -
obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were
dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if
all people were capable of committing evil actions
Albert Ellis -
rational emotive behavior therapy
Critical Thinking -
the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Introspection -
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
Dissertation -
a formal and long paper, written for a degree at a university or college
Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) -
created the forgetting curve and serial position effect in memory
Solomon Asch -
Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines.
4
American Psychological Association -
professional organization representing psychologists in the United States
behaviorism -
focus on observing and controlling behavior
biopsychology -
study of how biology influences behavior
biopsychosocial model -
perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to
determine an individual's health
clinical psychology -
area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior
cognitive psychology -
study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
counseling psychology -
area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and
other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals
developmental psychology -
scientific study of development across a lifespan
dissertation -
long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate's
doctoral training
empirical method -
method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation,
rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
forensic psychology -
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues
within and related to the justice system
functionalism -
focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
humanism -
1
, perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate
to all humans
introspection -
process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt
to break it into its component parts
ology -
suffix that denotes "scientific study of"
PhD -
(doctor of philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives
housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences
PsyD -
(doctor of psychology) doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-
oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context
personality psychology -
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique
personality trait -
consistent pattern of thought and behavior
postdoctoral training program -
allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their
research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field
psyche -
Greek word for soul
psychoanalytic theory -
focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
psychology -
scientific study of the mind and behavior
sport and exercise psychology -
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional
factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities
structuralism -
understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Wilhelm Wundt -
established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany
Plato -
2
, Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.
Descartes -
French philosopher, nativist, and dualist
Dualism -
the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
William James -
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our
environment
Erik Erikson -
famous for his 8-stage model of psychosocial development; neo-Freudian
John B. Watson -
developed behaviorism ( the study of observable behavior)
Ivan Pavlov -
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
Albert Bandura -
Social learning theory; Bobo doll experiment
Abraham Maslow -
created hierarchy of needs
Lawrence Kohlberg -
Theory of Moral Development
Naomi Weisstein -
Credited with starting the feminist revolution in psychology
Anna Freud -
Continued her father's work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children.
Charles Darwin -
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection
(1809-1882)
Democritus -
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or
atoms
behaviorist perspective -
the psychological perspective primarily concerned with observable behavior that
can be objectively recorded and with the relationships of observable behavior to environmental
stimuli
3
, psychoanalytic perspective -
the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human
behavior
evolutionary psychology -
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural
selection
cognitive perspective -
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
The Interpretation of Dreams -
the Bible of Psychoanalysis by Freud
sociocultural perspective -
perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture
critical thinking -
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it
examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Hypothesis -
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Stanley Milgram -
obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were
dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if
all people were capable of committing evil actions
Albert Ellis -
rational emotive behavior therapy
Critical Thinking -
the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Introspection -
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
Dissertation -
a formal and long paper, written for a degree at a university or college
Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) -
created the forgetting curve and serial position effect in memory
Solomon Asch -
Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines.
4
