NUR 210/ NUR210 Exam 4 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Principles of Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers | 100 out of 100 (Verified Solutions) Grade A | Galen./

NUR 210/ NUR210 Exam 4 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Principles of Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers | 100 out of 100 (Verified Solutions) Grade A | Galen./ Question: what are the three types of angina? Answer: -chronic -variant -unstable Question: what type of angina is exertional as a result of not enough O2 supply? Answer: chronic Question: what is chronic angina pectoris? Answer: exertional resulting from not enough O2 supply Question: what type of angina pectoris can occur at any time, even at rest? Answer: variant Question: what is variant angina pectoris? Answer: pain occurring at any time, even at rest Question: who is known to have variant angina pectoris? Answer: cocaine users Question: what type of angina is common in cocaine users? Answer: variant Question: what type of angina is considered a medical emergency? Answer: unstable Question: what is unstable angina pectoris? Answer: medical emergency Question: what drug is used for angina pectoris? Answer: nitrates Question: what are nitrates used for? Answer: treating angina pectoris Question: what is the poster child nitrate? Answer: nitroglycerin Question: what drug class is nitroglycerin? Answer: nitrate Question: what is the mechanism of action of nitrates? Answer: vasodilator: increases the blood flow to the coronary arteries Question: what drug is a vasodilator that increases the blood flow to the coronary arteries? Answer: nitrates Question: what is the administration protocol for nitrates? Answer: only take up to 3 sublingual pills 5 mins apart; after the 2nd pill call an ambulance Question: after taking how many niitrate pills should an ambulance be called? Answer: 2nd Question: what is the maximum amount of nitrate pills that should be taken? Answer: 3 Question: what is the wait time inbetween taking nitrate pills? Answer: 5 mins Question: what drug is highly lipid soluble? Answer: nitrate Question: what is the half-life of nitrates? Answer: very short: 5-7 mins Question: what drug has a very short half life of 5-7 mins? Answer: nitrates Question: what are ADRs of nitrates? Answer: -orthostatic hypotension -severe headaches Question: what drug can cause severe headaches? Answer: nitrates Question: what are nursing implications for nitrates? Answer: -monitor BP -monitor HR -monitor chest pain -medications (Aspirin) Question: what are the routes of administration for nitrates? Answer: -sublingual tablets or spray -topical -oral sustained release -IV Question: what should be done before taking a nitrate? Answer: drink water Question: what should not be done when taking a sublingual nitrate? Answer: swallowing Question: should nitrates be swallowed when given sublingually? Answer: no Question: is a tingling sensation associated with nitrates normal? Answer: yes Question: what topical medication needs to be worn continuously during all daily activities? Answer: nitrate Question: should topical nitrates be rotated or can they be administered at the same location? Answer: rotate Question: what is the mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors? Answer: inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin2 Question: what drugs inhibit the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? Answer: ACE inhibitors Question: what are ADRs related to ACE inhibitors? Answer: -first-dose hypotension: decrease blood volume -persistent cough -hyperkalemia -interaction with NSAIDs -angioedema -fetal harm Question: how do ACE inhibitors affect aldosterone? Answer: blocks aldosterone Question: how does the blockage of aldosterone affect Na and K? Answer: retention of both Question: how do ACE inhibitors affect vasocontriction/vasodilation? Answer: causes vasodilation Question: why should we monitor NSAIDs administration with ACE inhibitors? Answer: they counteract one another Question: what is angioedema? Answer: rare increased capillary permeability where fluids leave the capillaries in the throat and lungs causing SOB Question: what is a rare increased capillary permeability where fluids leave the capillaries in the throat and lungs causing SOB? Answer: angioedema Question: is it okay for ACEs to be given to pregnant women? Answer: no causes renal failure in fetus Question: what can cause renal failure in a fetus? Answer: ACEs Question: what are nursing implications for ACEs? Answer: -patient ed -monitor BP (hypotension) -coughing -measure electrolytes -monitor NSAIDs Question: what should be given instead of ACEs if the patient develops a cough while on ACEs? Answer: ARBs Question: what drugs end in "-pril"? Answer: ACEs Question: what do all ACEs end in? Answer: "-pril" Question: what drugs end in "-aar"? Answer: ARBs Question: what do all ARBs end in? Answer: "-aar" Question: what is the mechanism of action for ARBs? Answer: angiotensin II receptor blocker Question: what drug is responsible for blocking the angiotensin II receptors? Answer: ARBs Question: what is the purpose of renin? Answer: angiotensin-->angiotensin 1 Question: what is the mechanism of action for beta blockers? Answer: blocks beta receptors in the heart to decrease HR, decrease the conduction system as well as decrease the force of contraction Question: what drug blocks beta receptors in the heart to decrease HR, decrease the conductive system, and decrease the heart's force of contraction? Answer: beta-blockers Question: what are ADRs associated with beta-blockers? Answer: -hypotension -bradycardia -bronchial constriction -drowsiness/depression Question: what antihypertensive drug should not be given to asthma patients? Answer: beta-blockers Question: why should beta-blockers not be given to asthma patients? Answer: cause bronchial constriction Question: what are nursing implications related to beta-blockers? Answer: -BP -HR -no driving/using heavy machinery -be careful switching positions during 1rst hour -monitor lung sounds for wheezes Question: which antihypertensive drug should you monitor the patient for wheezes after administration? Answer: beta-blockers Question: what are nursing interventions for immobility designed to do? Answer: maintain or regain mobility and prevent or minimize complications of immobility Question: what causes more problems for a patient that is immobile? Answer: more comorbitities=more problems Question: when can a patient be temporarily immobile? Answer: post operative recovery Question: what type of immobility is generally related to post operative recovery? Answer: temporary Question: when can cause a patient to be permanently immobile? Answer: skeletal/neurological damage related to strokes and spinal cord trauma Question: what type of immobility is related to skeletal/neurological damage? Answer: permanent Question: what can cause acute immobility? Answer: injury or accident Question: what type of immobility is related to an injury or accident? Answer: acute Question: is acute immobility temporary or permanent? Answer: generally temporary, but can result in permanent Question: what can cause chronic immobility? Answer: skeletal/neurological deficit due to muscular dystrophy or bad rehab on stroke patients Question: what type of immobility is related to skeletal/neurological defecit? Answer: chronic Question: how does immobility affect the respiratory system? Answer: -limited chest expansion -decreased cough response -stasis of pulmonary secretions -alterations in pulmonary perfusion Question: what can cause a limited chest expansion of an immobile patient? Answer: gravity and/or pendulous breasts Question: how can gravity and/or pendulous breasts affect an immobile patient? Answer: cause limited chest expansion Question: how does immobility affect the cardiovascular system? Answer: -status of blood in the legs -increased risk of thrombus formation -increased cardiac workload -orthostatic hypotension Question: what can cause fluid buildup in the legs of an immobile patient? Answer: limited muscle contraction in the legs will bring the blood back to the heart Question: how can limited muscle contraction in the legs affect an immobile patient? Answer: fluid build up in the legs Question: what can cause an increased risk of thrombus formation of an immobile patient? Answer: decreased blood circulation can cause blood clotting Question: how can decreased blood circulation affect an immobile patient? Answer: increased risk of thrombus formation Question: what can cause an increase in cardiac workload of an immobile patient? Answer: there is no help from gravity to circulate the blood Question: how can a decreased help from gravity to circulate the blood affect an immobile patient? Answer: increased cardiac workload Question: what can cause orthostatic hypotension in an immobile patient? Answer: blood is pooled in thoracic cavity while lying down and upon standing falls to legs Question: how can blood falling to one's legs while standing affect an immobile patient? Answer: orthostatic hypotension Question: how can immobility affect the genitourinary system? Answer: -stasis of urine in the kidney -stasis of urine in the bladder -renal calculi formation -increased urinary tract infections Question: what can cause renal calculi formation in an immobile patient? Answer: calcium solidifies in jagged edges in ureters Question: how can calcium solidifying with jagged edges in ureters affect an immobile patient? Answer: renal calculi formation Question: what can cause an increase of urinary tract infections in an immobile patient? Answer: difficulty and decreased voiding results in not as much cleansing of the urethra Question: how can difficulty and decreased voiding affect an immobile patient? Answer: less cleansing of the urethra results in increased UTIs Question: how can immobility affect the gastrointestinal system? Answer: -decreased intestinal mobility -increased constipation and fecal impaction -gastric stress ulcers Question: what can cause an increase in constipation and fecal impactions in immobile patients? Answer: a change in dietary habits from being in the hospital as well as the lack of privacy and comfort to use the bathroom Question: how can a change in dietary habits and the lack of privacy and comfort affect an immobile patient? Answer: increase in constipation and fecal impactions Question: what can cause gastric stress ulcers in immobile patients? Answer: increased stress and increased acid production Question: how can increase of stress affect an immobile patient? Answer: gastric stress ulcers Question: how can an increase in acid production affect an immobile patient? Answer: gastric stress ulcers Question: how can immobility affect the integumentary system? Answer: -decreased circulation and sensation to peripheral areas -increased tissue pressure -shearing forces Question: what can cause shearing forces in an immobile patient? Answer: sliding down the bed Question: how can sliding down the bed affect an immobile patient? Answer: shearing forces can cause skin breakdown Question: what are the main pressure points associated with the supine position? Answer: -occipital bone -vertebrae -saccrum and coccyx -heel Question: what are the main pressure points associated with the prone position? Answer: -frontal bone -mandible -humerus -sternum -tuberosities of pelvis -patella -shin Question: what are the main pressure points associated with the lateral position? Answer: -scapula -ribs -iliac crest -greater trochanter of femus -lateral and medial malleolus (ankles) Question: how can immobility affect the musculoskeletal system? Answer: -disuse osteoporosis -muscle atrophy -joint contractures -decrease endurance -decrease stability and balance -altered calcium metabolism -foot drop Question: what is a way to fix joint contractures of an immobile patient? Answer: passive and active ROM Question: how can foot drop be prevented? Answer: high top shoes Question: how can immobility affect nutrition? Answer: -decrease in metabolic rate -anorexia -negative nitrogen balance -calcium loss Question: what affects how cells use nitrogen? Answer: immobility Question: how can immobility affect psycosocial mechanisms? Answer: -sleep-wake disturbances -isolation from significant others -sensory deprivation -change in body image -depression and disorientation -lack of productivity and freedom -ineffective coping Question: what are the four parts to a patient's goals? Answer: -client centered -measurable -time frame -specific assessment