PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
SOUTH COLEGE STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+.
1/6
, 1. Which organelle, after protein synthesis is completed, is responsible for proteins to get packaged, processed
and secreted? CORRECT ANSWER Golgi apparatus
2. A patient has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can
such a condition be reversed? CORRECT ANSWER Treatment with hormone therapy
3. A client is diagnosed with a condition in which the brain cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery long
enough for cell reversible changes to happen. Identify the condition. CORRECT ANSWER Hypoxia
4. What does a pulse oximeter measure? CORRECT ANSWER Saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
5. By which process are findings identified that represent distinct disease processes to help with diagnosis?
CORRECT ANSWER Pathognomonic changes
6. During an endoscopic examination on a patient, it is found that the client has acid reflux.Which condition
associated with gastroesophageal reflux dis- ease (GERD) warrants close monitoring and aggressive treatment?
CORRECT ANSWER Barrett's esophagus
7. A patient is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death causing
hypothyroidism. Which terminology do you expect to be applied to the patient's condition? CORRECT
ANSWER Hashimoto thyroiditis
8. Which aspects of polymerase chain reaction or PCR are CORRECT? CORRECT ANSWER All of the
answers are correct about PCR
9. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high cholesterol
level. Which statement is TRUE regarding this condition? CORRECT ANSWER Children are at risk for early
acute myocardial infraction
10. Which of the genetic diseases below is an X-linked trait that primarily affects men and can cause acute
hemolytic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER G6PD deficiency
11. Which of the following diseases is autosomal dominant and will cause movement and cognitive disorders
that begin in adulthood? CORRECT ANSWER Huntington dis- ease
12. A 40 year old patient presents with mild chorea that seems to be progress- ing. Genetic testing revealed a defect
of the HTT gene. What is the patient's diagnosis? CORRECT ANSWER Huntington's disease
13. A client presents to the hospital with difficulty in speaking, excessive sali- vation, and ataxia. Physical exam
shows jaundice, ascites and Kayser-Fleisher rings in the eyes. Which of the follow is the most common initial or
early pre- sentation of adults with Wilson disease? CORRECT ANSWER Hepatic dysfunction and/or cirrhosis
14. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main stages of acute inflamma- tion? CORRECT ANSWER
Granulomatous changes
2/6
SOUTH COLEGE STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+.
1/6
, 1. Which organelle, after protein synthesis is completed, is responsible for proteins to get packaged, processed
and secreted? CORRECT ANSWER Golgi apparatus
2. A patient has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can
such a condition be reversed? CORRECT ANSWER Treatment with hormone therapy
3. A client is diagnosed with a condition in which the brain cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery long
enough for cell reversible changes to happen. Identify the condition. CORRECT ANSWER Hypoxia
4. What does a pulse oximeter measure? CORRECT ANSWER Saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
5. By which process are findings identified that represent distinct disease processes to help with diagnosis?
CORRECT ANSWER Pathognomonic changes
6. During an endoscopic examination on a patient, it is found that the client has acid reflux.Which condition
associated with gastroesophageal reflux dis- ease (GERD) warrants close monitoring and aggressive treatment?
CORRECT ANSWER Barrett's esophagus
7. A patient is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death causing
hypothyroidism. Which terminology do you expect to be applied to the patient's condition? CORRECT
ANSWER Hashimoto thyroiditis
8. Which aspects of polymerase chain reaction or PCR are CORRECT? CORRECT ANSWER All of the
answers are correct about PCR
9. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high cholesterol
level. Which statement is TRUE regarding this condition? CORRECT ANSWER Children are at risk for early
acute myocardial infraction
10. Which of the genetic diseases below is an X-linked trait that primarily affects men and can cause acute
hemolytic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER G6PD deficiency
11. Which of the following diseases is autosomal dominant and will cause movement and cognitive disorders
that begin in adulthood? CORRECT ANSWER Huntington dis- ease
12. A 40 year old patient presents with mild chorea that seems to be progress- ing. Genetic testing revealed a defect
of the HTT gene. What is the patient's diagnosis? CORRECT ANSWER Huntington's disease
13. A client presents to the hospital with difficulty in speaking, excessive sali- vation, and ataxia. Physical exam
shows jaundice, ascites and Kayser-Fleisher rings in the eyes. Which of the follow is the most common initial or
early pre- sentation of adults with Wilson disease? CORRECT ANSWER Hepatic dysfunction and/or cirrhosis
14. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main stages of acute inflamma- tion? CORRECT ANSWER
Granulomatous changes
2/6
