PHA3112 CNS Drugs QUESTIONS AND ASNWERS YEAR
2025.
_____ is most abundant inhibitory NT - GABA
- psychosis SSx - -passivity
-lack of initiative
-alogia (poverty of speech)
-anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
-frozen facial expression
-lack of concentration
-social isolation
+ psychosis SSx - -hallucinations
-inappropriate gesticulation
-movement repetition
-strange language
-pressure of speech
-disorganized behaviour
-agitation
2 broad categories of antipsychotics - 1. typical or neuroleptics
2. atypical
2 forms of cocaine - 1. cocaine HCl
2. cocaine base crack
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is aka...? - MDMA
4 categories of antidepressants - 1. MAO inhibitors (MAOi)
2. tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
3. selective 5HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
4. 5HT NA reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)
4 categories of drugs for anxiety - 1. anxiolytics
2. sedative hypnotics
3. sympathetic system blockers
4. antidepressants
5 HT receptor location...? - -all over body
-high levels in CNS, BV, smooth muscle, GI tract
antidepressants: metabolism - 4-8 weeks b/t elevation of NT and improvement of mood
antidepressants: MOA - -depression = low NT levels
-MOA is to increase NA, DA, 5HT
, anxiety - -difficult to control apprehension or worry
-occurs for more than 6 months for more days than not
anxiolytics: 3 classes - 1. benzodiazapines
2. non-benzodiazepines
3. busprione
ataxia - lack of voluntary muscle coordination
atypical antipsychotics: 4 examples - 1. clozipine
2. olanzipine
3. quetiapine
4. risperidone
atypical antipsychotics: adverse effects - -clozapine causes agranulocytosis
- "-pines" cause drowsiness
-clozapine and olanzipine causes increased metabolic risks (increased appetite =
obesity, dyslipidemia, DM, CVD)
atypical antipsychotics: aripriprazole increased behaviours...? - 1. pathological gambling
2. hypersexuality (thoughts, urges; severe and lengthy)
atypical antipsychotics: ariprprazole - -partial DA agonist
-fewer AE, less sedative, less weight gain, few metabolic effects
atypical antipsychotics: clinical use - -improve + AND - SSx
-fewer EPS effects
atypical antipsychotics: MOA - block DA, 5HT receptors
benzodiazepines: 3 examples - 1. lorazepam
2. clonazepam
3. diazepam
benzodiazepines: adverse effects - -drowsiness
-ataxia
-danger of drug accumulation (lipophilic)
-dangerous w OH
-anterograde amnesia
-risk of SUD
-prolonged use = withdrawal SSx
benzodiazepines: antidote - flumazenil
benzodiazepines: clinical uses - -sedation before Sx
2025.
_____ is most abundant inhibitory NT - GABA
- psychosis SSx - -passivity
-lack of initiative
-alogia (poverty of speech)
-anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
-frozen facial expression
-lack of concentration
-social isolation
+ psychosis SSx - -hallucinations
-inappropriate gesticulation
-movement repetition
-strange language
-pressure of speech
-disorganized behaviour
-agitation
2 broad categories of antipsychotics - 1. typical or neuroleptics
2. atypical
2 forms of cocaine - 1. cocaine HCl
2. cocaine base crack
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is aka...? - MDMA
4 categories of antidepressants - 1. MAO inhibitors (MAOi)
2. tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
3. selective 5HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
4. 5HT NA reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)
4 categories of drugs for anxiety - 1. anxiolytics
2. sedative hypnotics
3. sympathetic system blockers
4. antidepressants
5 HT receptor location...? - -all over body
-high levels in CNS, BV, smooth muscle, GI tract
antidepressants: metabolism - 4-8 weeks b/t elevation of NT and improvement of mood
antidepressants: MOA - -depression = low NT levels
-MOA is to increase NA, DA, 5HT
, anxiety - -difficult to control apprehension or worry
-occurs for more than 6 months for more days than not
anxiolytics: 3 classes - 1. benzodiazapines
2. non-benzodiazepines
3. busprione
ataxia - lack of voluntary muscle coordination
atypical antipsychotics: 4 examples - 1. clozipine
2. olanzipine
3. quetiapine
4. risperidone
atypical antipsychotics: adverse effects - -clozapine causes agranulocytosis
- "-pines" cause drowsiness
-clozapine and olanzipine causes increased metabolic risks (increased appetite =
obesity, dyslipidemia, DM, CVD)
atypical antipsychotics: aripriprazole increased behaviours...? - 1. pathological gambling
2. hypersexuality (thoughts, urges; severe and lengthy)
atypical antipsychotics: ariprprazole - -partial DA agonist
-fewer AE, less sedative, less weight gain, few metabolic effects
atypical antipsychotics: clinical use - -improve + AND - SSx
-fewer EPS effects
atypical antipsychotics: MOA - block DA, 5HT receptors
benzodiazepines: 3 examples - 1. lorazepam
2. clonazepam
3. diazepam
benzodiazepines: adverse effects - -drowsiness
-ataxia
-danger of drug accumulation (lipophilic)
-dangerous w OH
-anterograde amnesia
-risk of SUD
-prolonged use = withdrawal SSx
benzodiazepines: antidote - flumazenil
benzodiazepines: clinical uses - -sedation before Sx
