Hondros Bio 254 Final EXAM-LATEST UPDATE 2025 | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS!! RATED
100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED A+
Slower - correct answer The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that
works ________ than that of the Nervous System.
Nervous System - correct answer Other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis.
Hormones - correct answer The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called?
nerve impulses - correct answer The nervous system uses _________ to communicate.
circulatory system - correct answer What system transports hormones throughout the body?
Receptors - correct answer All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those
that have the proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated
by the hormone.
Target cells - correct answer The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called?
Protein or Peptide - correct answer Most hormones are what kind of molecule?
fat soluble - correct answer There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule?
Second messenger - correct answer Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work
within the cell as they are not able to cross the cell membrane.
DNA expression - correct answer Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their
target is within the nucleus.
negative feedback - correct answer The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind
of system, causing increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus?
Anterior Pituitary - correct answer The master endocrine gland because it regulates so many
other endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus - correct answer Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted
by the what?
Insulin - correct answer Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells.
PTH (parathyroid hormone) - correct answer Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop.
,Aldosterone - correct answer Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney.
Prolactin - correct answer Necessary for milk production after child birth.
Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) - correct answer Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate.
growth hormone - correct answer Stimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones
epinephrine and norepinephrine - correct answer Two hormones released by the adrenal
medulla.
Iodine - correct answer Element essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - correct answer Pituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney.
Glucagon - correct answer Hormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver.
Oxytocin - correct answer Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles.
Cortisol - correct answer Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - correct answer Hormone that acts on the ovary to
stimulate the
production of estrogen.
Calcitonin - correct answer Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels.
luteinizing hormone (LH) - correct answer Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - correct answer Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - correct answer hormone that stimulates the adrenal
cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones
, Testosterone - correct answer Known as the male sex hormone
Progesterone - correct answer Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the
endometrium
Estrogen - correct answer Known as the female sex hormone
skin and mucosa - correct answer The "first line of defense" in innate immunity
Inflammation mediators - correct answer Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of
innate immunity - correct answer A type of immune mechanism that provides a general
defense by acting against anything recognized as non-self
Cytokines - correct answer Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and
adaptive response
self-tolerance - correct answer The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign
cells but spare our own normal cells
Neutophils - correct answer The most numerous type of phagocyte
Macrophages - correct answer What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the
bloodstream?
immunoglobulins - correct answer Antibodies are proteins of the family
immunoglobulin M - correct answer The predominant class of antibody produced after initial
contact with an antigen (primary immune response)
active immunity - correct answer Generally lasts longer than passive immunity.
tumor markers - correct answer Abnormal antigens or ______________________
_________________ are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to
self-antigens.
adaptive immune - correct answer Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell function.
naturally acquired passive immunity - correct answer A fetus receives protection from the
mother through what immunity?
Artificially acquired active immunity - correct answer Vaccinations provide what type of
immunity?
allergy - correct answer Hypersensitivity of the immune system to an environmental antigen
specific immunity - correct answer Adaptive immunity is also known as?
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS!! RATED
100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED A+
Slower - correct answer The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that
works ________ than that of the Nervous System.
Nervous System - correct answer Other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis.
Hormones - correct answer The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called?
nerve impulses - correct answer The nervous system uses _________ to communicate.
circulatory system - correct answer What system transports hormones throughout the body?
Receptors - correct answer All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those
that have the proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated
by the hormone.
Target cells - correct answer The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called?
Protein or Peptide - correct answer Most hormones are what kind of molecule?
fat soluble - correct answer There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule?
Second messenger - correct answer Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work
within the cell as they are not able to cross the cell membrane.
DNA expression - correct answer Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their
target is within the nucleus.
negative feedback - correct answer The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind
of system, causing increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus?
Anterior Pituitary - correct answer The master endocrine gland because it regulates so many
other endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus - correct answer Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted
by the what?
Insulin - correct answer Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells.
PTH (parathyroid hormone) - correct answer Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop.
,Aldosterone - correct answer Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney.
Prolactin - correct answer Necessary for milk production after child birth.
Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) - correct answer Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate.
growth hormone - correct answer Stimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones
epinephrine and norepinephrine - correct answer Two hormones released by the adrenal
medulla.
Iodine - correct answer Element essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - correct answer Pituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney.
Glucagon - correct answer Hormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver.
Oxytocin - correct answer Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles.
Cortisol - correct answer Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - correct answer Hormone that acts on the ovary to
stimulate the
production of estrogen.
Calcitonin - correct answer Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels.
luteinizing hormone (LH) - correct answer Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - correct answer Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - correct answer hormone that stimulates the adrenal
cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones
, Testosterone - correct answer Known as the male sex hormone
Progesterone - correct answer Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the
endometrium
Estrogen - correct answer Known as the female sex hormone
skin and mucosa - correct answer The "first line of defense" in innate immunity
Inflammation mediators - correct answer Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of
innate immunity - correct answer A type of immune mechanism that provides a general
defense by acting against anything recognized as non-self
Cytokines - correct answer Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and
adaptive response
self-tolerance - correct answer The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign
cells but spare our own normal cells
Neutophils - correct answer The most numerous type of phagocyte
Macrophages - correct answer What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the
bloodstream?
immunoglobulins - correct answer Antibodies are proteins of the family
immunoglobulin M - correct answer The predominant class of antibody produced after initial
contact with an antigen (primary immune response)
active immunity - correct answer Generally lasts longer than passive immunity.
tumor markers - correct answer Abnormal antigens or ______________________
_________________ are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to
self-antigens.
adaptive immune - correct answer Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell function.
naturally acquired passive immunity - correct answer A fetus receives protection from the
mother through what immunity?
Artificially acquired active immunity - correct answer Vaccinations provide what type of
immunity?
allergy - correct answer Hypersensitivity of the immune system to an environmental antigen
specific immunity - correct answer Adaptive immunity is also known as?
