Microbiology Exam 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE 2025.
bacterial vaccines - ✅✅DTap - Diphtheria (toxoid), pertussis (select acellular
antigens), tetanus (toxoid) - no live bacteria
toxoid - ✅✅inactivated toxin, still antigenic
Acellular Ags - ✅✅meningitis, Hib, strep pneumonia vaccines
Viral vaccines - ✅✅live attenuated (weakened, cannot cause disease but its
immunogenic) - Polio (sabin), Influenza (FluMist), MMR measles, mumps, rubella;
chickenpox
Killed virus or antigen component - ✅✅polio (salk), influenza A, Hep A, Hep B, HPV
Passive Immunization - ✅✅someone else's antibodies - (gamma globulin) pooled
serum, immediate protection, short-lived
Active Immunity - ✅✅long-lived - decades to lifetime
Naturally acquired active immunity - ✅✅infectious disease --> immunity; disease or
normal exposure
artificially acquired active immunity - ✅✅vaccines - killed cells/virus, toxoid,
attenuated cells/virus, cell components
passive immunity - ✅✅short-lived, 1-4 months
naturally acquired passive immunity - ✅✅mothers iG - placenta, breast milk
artificially acquired passive immunity - ✅✅gamma globulin, injection
Hypertensive type 1 - ✅✅anaphylaxis; allergies such as hay fever, asthma
anaphylactic shock - ✅✅bronchial swelling, edema, shock, death - food/hives,
respiratory/hay fever, bronchial inflammation/asthma
Hypertensive type 2 - ✅✅cytotoxic; blood group compatibility, pernicious anemia,
myasthenia gravis
, Rh factors, hemolytic disease of newborns - ✅✅Rh-mother; Rh+father; IgG-placenta,
harmful to second or subsequent Rh+baby, destroys RBCs
Hypertensive type 3 - ✅✅immune complex; systemic lupus erythematosus,
rheumatoid arthritis serum sickness, rheumatic fever
Hypertensive type 4 - ✅✅cell-mediated; infection reactions, contact dermatitis, graft
rejection
TB test - ✅✅to see if cell immunity has been exposed to TB
digestive system - ✅✅mouth to intestines Helicobacter pylori, peptic ulcers-now
treated with antibiotics
gastroenteritis - ✅✅diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes
fever
staph FP - ✅✅intoxication - enterotoxin in cooked/rehandled food, toxin heat stable,
hours of vomiting 1-6 hour onset
salmonellosis - ✅✅infection 12-24 hour onset foods: animal source
shigella - ✅✅4Fs- flies, fingers, food, feces; human reservoir; toxin: intestinal
inflammation and destruction, invasive = dysentary
E coli O157:H7 - ✅✅shiga toxin gene from shigella
campylobacter - ✅✅most common with raw poultry; "chicken juice"
clostridium perfringens - ✅✅large volume left over food, doesn't cool, spores
germinate overnight
hepatitis A - ✅✅fecal oral/food vehicle, 30 day incubation, wide spread before the
outbreak is discovered
spectrum - ✅✅broad, narrow
antibiotics - ✅✅produced by microbes or plants
penicillin - ✅✅beta-lactam ring with side R group; R-group can be added or altered in
manufacture to change activity;prevents peptide cross link of peptidoglycan - tidal to
growing bacteria; Fleming, US production before WWII
ACCURATE 2025.
bacterial vaccines - ✅✅DTap - Diphtheria (toxoid), pertussis (select acellular
antigens), tetanus (toxoid) - no live bacteria
toxoid - ✅✅inactivated toxin, still antigenic
Acellular Ags - ✅✅meningitis, Hib, strep pneumonia vaccines
Viral vaccines - ✅✅live attenuated (weakened, cannot cause disease but its
immunogenic) - Polio (sabin), Influenza (FluMist), MMR measles, mumps, rubella;
chickenpox
Killed virus or antigen component - ✅✅polio (salk), influenza A, Hep A, Hep B, HPV
Passive Immunization - ✅✅someone else's antibodies - (gamma globulin) pooled
serum, immediate protection, short-lived
Active Immunity - ✅✅long-lived - decades to lifetime
Naturally acquired active immunity - ✅✅infectious disease --> immunity; disease or
normal exposure
artificially acquired active immunity - ✅✅vaccines - killed cells/virus, toxoid,
attenuated cells/virus, cell components
passive immunity - ✅✅short-lived, 1-4 months
naturally acquired passive immunity - ✅✅mothers iG - placenta, breast milk
artificially acquired passive immunity - ✅✅gamma globulin, injection
Hypertensive type 1 - ✅✅anaphylaxis; allergies such as hay fever, asthma
anaphylactic shock - ✅✅bronchial swelling, edema, shock, death - food/hives,
respiratory/hay fever, bronchial inflammation/asthma
Hypertensive type 2 - ✅✅cytotoxic; blood group compatibility, pernicious anemia,
myasthenia gravis
, Rh factors, hemolytic disease of newborns - ✅✅Rh-mother; Rh+father; IgG-placenta,
harmful to second or subsequent Rh+baby, destroys RBCs
Hypertensive type 3 - ✅✅immune complex; systemic lupus erythematosus,
rheumatoid arthritis serum sickness, rheumatic fever
Hypertensive type 4 - ✅✅cell-mediated; infection reactions, contact dermatitis, graft
rejection
TB test - ✅✅to see if cell immunity has been exposed to TB
digestive system - ✅✅mouth to intestines Helicobacter pylori, peptic ulcers-now
treated with antibiotics
gastroenteritis - ✅✅diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes
fever
staph FP - ✅✅intoxication - enterotoxin in cooked/rehandled food, toxin heat stable,
hours of vomiting 1-6 hour onset
salmonellosis - ✅✅infection 12-24 hour onset foods: animal source
shigella - ✅✅4Fs- flies, fingers, food, feces; human reservoir; toxin: intestinal
inflammation and destruction, invasive = dysentary
E coli O157:H7 - ✅✅shiga toxin gene from shigella
campylobacter - ✅✅most common with raw poultry; "chicken juice"
clostridium perfringens - ✅✅large volume left over food, doesn't cool, spores
germinate overnight
hepatitis A - ✅✅fecal oral/food vehicle, 30 day incubation, wide spread before the
outbreak is discovered
spectrum - ✅✅broad, narrow
antibiotics - ✅✅produced by microbes or plants
penicillin - ✅✅beta-lactam ring with side R group; R-group can be added or altered in
manufacture to change activity;prevents peptide cross link of peptidoglycan - tidal to
growing bacteria; Fleming, US production before WWII
