Microbiology ch 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE 2025.
Microbiology - ✅✅the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms include - ✅✅bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and algae
Prokaryote - ✅✅microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and membrane-
bound organelles
Eukaryote - ✅✅unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular, nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles
Viruses - ✅✅Acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein
Nutrient Flow - ✅✅The flow of energy and food through the earth's ecosystems
Photosynthesis - ✅✅Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material
Decomposition - ✅✅Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds
Biotechnology - ✅✅production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms
Genetic Engineering - ✅✅Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new
products
Bioremediation - ✅✅Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem
Parasites - ✅✅microscopic organisms that take nourishment from hosts
Pathogens - ✅✅microbes that do harm
disease - ✅✅result of a pathogen overcoming the hosts resistance
Influenza A virus - ✅✅primarily in water and poultry, no human-to-human contact.
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) - ✅✅infectious disease that has newly appeared
in the population or that has been known but is rapidly increasing in incidence or
geographic range
, MRSA - ✅✅Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, now known as VRSA.
West Nile Encephalitis - ✅✅transmitted via birds and mosquitoes, we and horses are
dead end hosts. Caused by west nile virus.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - ✅✅infectious protein caused by a prion, related
to cattle fed sheep offal
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 - ✅✅toxin producing strain of e coli, leading cause of
diarrhea.
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever - ✅✅virus that outbreaks every few years, first identified
near Ebola River.
Cryptosporidiosis - ✅✅causes 30% of diarrheal illness in developing countries, in US
transmitted via water.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - ✅✅caused by HIV, sexually
transmitted
Male - ✅✅sex more effected by AIDS
Spontaneous Generation - ✅✅early belief that some forms of life could arise from
vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter.
Theory of Biogenesis - ✅✅the idea that living things can only arise from other living
things, how Pasteur disproved Spontaneous Generation
Leeuwenhoek - ✅✅first to invent microscopes, first to observe living microbes.
Scientific Method - ✅✅series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting
data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
John Tyndall & Ferdinand Cohn - ✅✅each demonstrated the presence of heat
resistant forms of some microbes
Sterility - ✅✅requires the elimination of all life forms including endospores and
viruses
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes - ✅✅observed that mothers of home births had fewer than
those who gave births in hospitals
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis - ✅✅correlated infections with physicians coming from
autopsy room to maternity ward
ACCURATE 2025.
Microbiology - ✅✅the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms include - ✅✅bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and algae
Prokaryote - ✅✅microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and membrane-
bound organelles
Eukaryote - ✅✅unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular, nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles
Viruses - ✅✅Acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein
Nutrient Flow - ✅✅The flow of energy and food through the earth's ecosystems
Photosynthesis - ✅✅Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material
Decomposition - ✅✅Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds
Biotechnology - ✅✅production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms
Genetic Engineering - ✅✅Manipulating the genes of organisms to make new
products
Bioremediation - ✅✅Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem
Parasites - ✅✅microscopic organisms that take nourishment from hosts
Pathogens - ✅✅microbes that do harm
disease - ✅✅result of a pathogen overcoming the hosts resistance
Influenza A virus - ✅✅primarily in water and poultry, no human-to-human contact.
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) - ✅✅infectious disease that has newly appeared
in the population or that has been known but is rapidly increasing in incidence or
geographic range
, MRSA - ✅✅Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, now known as VRSA.
West Nile Encephalitis - ✅✅transmitted via birds and mosquitoes, we and horses are
dead end hosts. Caused by west nile virus.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - ✅✅infectious protein caused by a prion, related
to cattle fed sheep offal
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 - ✅✅toxin producing strain of e coli, leading cause of
diarrhea.
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever - ✅✅virus that outbreaks every few years, first identified
near Ebola River.
Cryptosporidiosis - ✅✅causes 30% of diarrheal illness in developing countries, in US
transmitted via water.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - ✅✅caused by HIV, sexually
transmitted
Male - ✅✅sex more effected by AIDS
Spontaneous Generation - ✅✅early belief that some forms of life could arise from
vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter.
Theory of Biogenesis - ✅✅the idea that living things can only arise from other living
things, how Pasteur disproved Spontaneous Generation
Leeuwenhoek - ✅✅first to invent microscopes, first to observe living microbes.
Scientific Method - ✅✅series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting
data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
John Tyndall & Ferdinand Cohn - ✅✅each demonstrated the presence of heat
resistant forms of some microbes
Sterility - ✅✅requires the elimination of all life forms including endospores and
viruses
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes - ✅✅observed that mothers of home births had fewer than
those who gave births in hospitals
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis - ✅✅correlated infections with physicians coming from
autopsy room to maternity ward
