Biology Chapter 4: Tour of the Cell Prep
Exam Questions With Correct Solutions
2025.
light microscope (LM) - Answer An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bond) visible
light to magnify images and project them into a viewer's eyes or onto photographic film.
micrograph - Answer A photograph taken through a microscope.
cell theory - Answer The cell theory that all living cells are composed of cells and that all cells
come from other cells.
electron microscope (EM) - Answer A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron
beam through, or onto the surface, a spicemen. An electron microscope achieves a hundredfold
greater resolution than a light microscope.
scanning electron microscope (SEM) - Answer A microscope that uses an electrion beam to
study the fine details of cell surfaces or other specimens.
transmission electron microscope (TEM) - Answer A microscope that uses an electron beam to
study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens.
plasma membrane - Answer The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a
selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell; consists of a
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
prokaryotic cells - Answer A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other
membrane-enclosed organells; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
eukaryotic cells - Answer A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other
membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are compsed of
eukaryotic cells.
chromosomes - Answer A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also the main gene-carrying
, ribosomes - Answer A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits
and functioning as the sie of protein synthesis in the ctyoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, the
ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus.
cytoplasm - Answer The contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and the
nucleus; consists of a semifluid medium and organelles; can also refer to the interior of a
prokaryotic cell.
nucleoid - Answer A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
flagellum - Answer A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. The flaglla of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes differe both in structure and function.
organelles - Answer A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell.
cellular metabolism - Answer All the chemical activities of a cell.
nucleus - Answer The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell.
chromatin - Answer The combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic
chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffue, very extended form taken by chromosomes
when a cell is not dividing.
nuclear envelope - Answer A double membrane that encloses the nucleus, perforated with
pores that regulate traffuc with the cytoplasm.
nucleolus - Answer A structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made and
assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits.
endomembrane system - Answer A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic
cell, related eithr through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
vesicles - Answer A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
Exam Questions With Correct Solutions
2025.
light microscope (LM) - Answer An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bond) visible
light to magnify images and project them into a viewer's eyes or onto photographic film.
micrograph - Answer A photograph taken through a microscope.
cell theory - Answer The cell theory that all living cells are composed of cells and that all cells
come from other cells.
electron microscope (EM) - Answer A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron
beam through, or onto the surface, a spicemen. An electron microscope achieves a hundredfold
greater resolution than a light microscope.
scanning electron microscope (SEM) - Answer A microscope that uses an electrion beam to
study the fine details of cell surfaces or other specimens.
transmission electron microscope (TEM) - Answer A microscope that uses an electron beam to
study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens.
plasma membrane - Answer The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a
selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell; consists of a
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
prokaryotic cells - Answer A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other
membrane-enclosed organells; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
eukaryotic cells - Answer A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other
membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are compsed of
eukaryotic cells.
chromosomes - Answer A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also the main gene-carrying
, ribosomes - Answer A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits
and functioning as the sie of protein synthesis in the ctyoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, the
ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus.
cytoplasm - Answer The contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and the
nucleus; consists of a semifluid medium and organelles; can also refer to the interior of a
prokaryotic cell.
nucleoid - Answer A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
flagellum - Answer A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. The flaglla of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes differe both in structure and function.
organelles - Answer A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell.
cellular metabolism - Answer All the chemical activities of a cell.
nucleus - Answer The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell.
chromatin - Answer The combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic
chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffue, very extended form taken by chromosomes
when a cell is not dividing.
nuclear envelope - Answer A double membrane that encloses the nucleus, perforated with
pores that regulate traffuc with the cytoplasm.
nucleolus - Answer A structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made and
assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits.
endomembrane system - Answer A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic
cell, related eithr through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
vesicles - Answer A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
