OU Biology 1124 Final Exam Questions
And All Complete Answers 2025.
crossing over - Answer exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
during prophase I of meiosis
gene expression - Answer process by which information encoded in DNA is translated into
functional proteins or RNAs, such as rRNA and tRNA
Gene - Answer A discrete unit of hereditary information in a specific nucleotide sequence.
Chromatin - Answer This complex of DNA & Protein that makes up a chromosome
Template strand of DNA - Answer the DNA strand that is copied into mRNA and has the
complementary sequence to the mRNA
Transcription - Answer synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Transcription Factors - Answer A regulatory protein that binds to DNA in promoter region and
affects transcription of specific genes .
What is the purpose of transcription factors in transcription? - Answer Transcription factors
are initiation complexes that cause DNA to seperate and RNA synthesis begins at a start point
In the process of protein synthesis, what is the purpose of transcription? - Answer
Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the
information needed for protein synthesis.
RNA transcript - Answer RNA molecule produced by transcription that is complementary to
one strand of DNA. Nucleotide are added at the 3' end of RNA
RNA polymerase - Answer Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during
transcription. It attaches to the promoter region.
, Exons - Answer Regions that will be translated into proteins and expressed.
Introns - Answer mRNA sequences that are not translated, and must be "spliced" out of the
primary transcript. After splicing the mRNA is ready for translation.
How are each of the two ends of pre-mRNA altered before the pre-mRNA leaves the nucleus -
Answer 1) At the end 5' end, a modifed guimene nucleotide is added at the 5' end and is
called 5' cap
2) at 3' end add a "poly-a tail" made of repeated adenine nucleotide.
Why is alteration of pre-mRNA ends needed (two reasons) - Answer 1) The changes to the
primary transcript facilitate movement of RNA out of the nucleus and attachment of mRNA
ribosimes.
2)
What is mRNA splicing? - Answer removal of introns and joining of exons because pre mRNA
usually contains long sequences of RNA that is not translated.
What are two functions of introns? - Answer 1) In some cases introns regulate expression of
the gene (function in process that turns genes on and off)
2) One gene may be translated into diffrent proteins, depending on which region of the pre-
mRNA are spliced
Codon - Answer a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a
DNA or RNA molecule.
[ 5' ACG UUU CUA GCA 3']
Anticodon - Answer a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a
transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
tRNA - Answer transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
And All Complete Answers 2025.
crossing over - Answer exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
during prophase I of meiosis
gene expression - Answer process by which information encoded in DNA is translated into
functional proteins or RNAs, such as rRNA and tRNA
Gene - Answer A discrete unit of hereditary information in a specific nucleotide sequence.
Chromatin - Answer This complex of DNA & Protein that makes up a chromosome
Template strand of DNA - Answer the DNA strand that is copied into mRNA and has the
complementary sequence to the mRNA
Transcription - Answer synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Transcription Factors - Answer A regulatory protein that binds to DNA in promoter region and
affects transcription of specific genes .
What is the purpose of transcription factors in transcription? - Answer Transcription factors
are initiation complexes that cause DNA to seperate and RNA synthesis begins at a start point
In the process of protein synthesis, what is the purpose of transcription? - Answer
Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the
information needed for protein synthesis.
RNA transcript - Answer RNA molecule produced by transcription that is complementary to
one strand of DNA. Nucleotide are added at the 3' end of RNA
RNA polymerase - Answer Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during
transcription. It attaches to the promoter region.
, Exons - Answer Regions that will be translated into proteins and expressed.
Introns - Answer mRNA sequences that are not translated, and must be "spliced" out of the
primary transcript. After splicing the mRNA is ready for translation.
How are each of the two ends of pre-mRNA altered before the pre-mRNA leaves the nucleus -
Answer 1) At the end 5' end, a modifed guimene nucleotide is added at the 5' end and is
called 5' cap
2) at 3' end add a "poly-a tail" made of repeated adenine nucleotide.
Why is alteration of pre-mRNA ends needed (two reasons) - Answer 1) The changes to the
primary transcript facilitate movement of RNA out of the nucleus and attachment of mRNA
ribosimes.
2)
What is mRNA splicing? - Answer removal of introns and joining of exons because pre mRNA
usually contains long sequences of RNA that is not translated.
What are two functions of introns? - Answer 1) In some cases introns regulate expression of
the gene (function in process that turns genes on and off)
2) One gene may be translated into diffrent proteins, depending on which region of the pre-
mRNA are spliced
Codon - Answer a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a
DNA or RNA molecule.
[ 5' ACG UUU CUA GCA 3']
Anticodon - Answer a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a
transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
tRNA - Answer transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
