HNG 540 GI, Hematological & Integumentary
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2024/2025.
Used to reduce gastric acidity in the treatment of GERD and PUD. - Antacid
All antacids are contraindicated in the presence of what? - Abdominal pain of unknown
cause, especially is accompanied by fever.
Which antacids may cause constipation? - Aluminum and Calcium based antacids
For best effects, when should antacids be taken? - 1-3 hours after meals and at
bedtime.
What does antacid monitoring consist of? - Magnesium level in older patients who use
magnesium containing products
what are two absorbent preparations to treat diarrhea? - Kaolin & Pectin(kapectolin)
This antidiarrheal drug is a clay like powder that attracts and holds onto bacteria -
Kaolin
This antidiarrheal drug thickens the stool by absorbing moisture in the stool - Pectin
This antidiarrheal drug has antisecretory and antimicrobial effects - Bismuth
subsalicylate
When is bismuth subsalicylate contraindicated? - children with viral or flu like illness
All antidiarrheals are contraindicated with what population? - Older adults
Alostron has a black box warning and is contraindicated for what? - Patients with
constipation
What is the preferable antidiarrheal drug for children - Crofelemer
What two drugs are used for travelers diarrhea? - Bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide
when taking an antidiarrheal the patient should contact the PCP when this occurs? -
abdominal pain, fever or abdominal distension
Adverse Reactions of antidiarrheals - Rebound constipation. Bismuth can turn the
tongue and stools gray or black.
, Severe constipation is an ADR with which drug? - Alosetron
Name the two cytoprotective agents - Sucralfate (carafate) & Misoprostol (cytotec)
WHat is the mechanism of action of Sucralfate (carafate)? - selectively binds to ulcer
tissue, acting as a barrier
What is the mechanism of action of Misoprostol (Cytotec)? - inhibits gastric secretion,
and has mucosal protective qualities.
What is the clinical use of Misoprostol (Cytotec)? - Indicated for prophylaxis and
treatment of duodenal ulcers due to NSAID use.
What is the clinical use of Sucralfate (carafate)? - Indicated for active duodenal ulcer,
and maintenance after healing of duodenal ulcer.
When are Cytoprotectives contraindicated? - When Pregnant
What is the most common complaint when taking Misoprostol? - Diarrhea
what medication should patients not take while while taking sucralfate? - antacids
What should patients report to the PCP when taking cytoprotective agents? - diarrhea
longer than 1 week, abdominal pain, or onset of black tarry stools.
What needs to be educated to patients before taking misoprostol? - should be on
contraceptive therapy first, and stop taking immediately is pregnancy is suspected
List the clinical uses of antiemetics - Treatment of N/V caused by drugs or
gastroenteritis, motion sickness or vomitting associated with gastroparesis.
List the different types of antiemetics - antihistamines, phenothiazines, cannabinoids, 5-
HT3 receptor antagonists, and anticholinergics.
What is the action of antihistamines as an antiemetic? - they have strong anticholinergic
effects as well as histamine blocking effects
Action of Phenothiazines - Block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Action of cannabinoids - work in the CNS to prevent N/V associated with chemoreceptor
trigger zone
All antiemetics have what adverse reaction? - drowsiness, dry mouth, dry eyes,
constipation and urinary retention.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2024/2025.
Used to reduce gastric acidity in the treatment of GERD and PUD. - Antacid
All antacids are contraindicated in the presence of what? - Abdominal pain of unknown
cause, especially is accompanied by fever.
Which antacids may cause constipation? - Aluminum and Calcium based antacids
For best effects, when should antacids be taken? - 1-3 hours after meals and at
bedtime.
What does antacid monitoring consist of? - Magnesium level in older patients who use
magnesium containing products
what are two absorbent preparations to treat diarrhea? - Kaolin & Pectin(kapectolin)
This antidiarrheal drug is a clay like powder that attracts and holds onto bacteria -
Kaolin
This antidiarrheal drug thickens the stool by absorbing moisture in the stool - Pectin
This antidiarrheal drug has antisecretory and antimicrobial effects - Bismuth
subsalicylate
When is bismuth subsalicylate contraindicated? - children with viral or flu like illness
All antidiarrheals are contraindicated with what population? - Older adults
Alostron has a black box warning and is contraindicated for what? - Patients with
constipation
What is the preferable antidiarrheal drug for children - Crofelemer
What two drugs are used for travelers diarrhea? - Bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide
when taking an antidiarrheal the patient should contact the PCP when this occurs? -
abdominal pain, fever or abdominal distension
Adverse Reactions of antidiarrheals - Rebound constipation. Bismuth can turn the
tongue and stools gray or black.
, Severe constipation is an ADR with which drug? - Alosetron
Name the two cytoprotective agents - Sucralfate (carafate) & Misoprostol (cytotec)
WHat is the mechanism of action of Sucralfate (carafate)? - selectively binds to ulcer
tissue, acting as a barrier
What is the mechanism of action of Misoprostol (Cytotec)? - inhibits gastric secretion,
and has mucosal protective qualities.
What is the clinical use of Misoprostol (Cytotec)? - Indicated for prophylaxis and
treatment of duodenal ulcers due to NSAID use.
What is the clinical use of Sucralfate (carafate)? - Indicated for active duodenal ulcer,
and maintenance after healing of duodenal ulcer.
When are Cytoprotectives contraindicated? - When Pregnant
What is the most common complaint when taking Misoprostol? - Diarrhea
what medication should patients not take while while taking sucralfate? - antacids
What should patients report to the PCP when taking cytoprotective agents? - diarrhea
longer than 1 week, abdominal pain, or onset of black tarry stools.
What needs to be educated to patients before taking misoprostol? - should be on
contraceptive therapy first, and stop taking immediately is pregnancy is suspected
List the clinical uses of antiemetics - Treatment of N/V caused by drugs or
gastroenteritis, motion sickness or vomitting associated with gastroparesis.
List the different types of antiemetics - antihistamines, phenothiazines, cannabinoids, 5-
HT3 receptor antagonists, and anticholinergics.
What is the action of antihistamines as an antiemetic? - they have strong anticholinergic
effects as well as histamine blocking effects
Action of Phenothiazines - Block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Action of cannabinoids - work in the CNS to prevent N/V associated with chemoreceptor
trigger zone
All antiemetics have what adverse reaction? - drowsiness, dry mouth, dry eyes,
constipation and urinary retention.
