USAHS clinical neuroscience exam 2
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and blood
vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the venous
drainage system. - CORRECT ANSWER Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - CORRECT
ANSWER Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - CORRECT
ANSWER True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - CORRECT ANSWER True
What is significant about the epidural space? - CORRECT ANSWER It contains the
middle meningeal artery (a branch off of the external carotid)
,What goes through foramen spinosum? - CORRECT ANSWER middle meningeal
artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the MMA due
to temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased
ICP, herniation, and death. - CORRECT ANSWER Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging veins that
cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - CORRECT
ANSWER Subdural
What is a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER Rupture of the bridging veins
which are susceptible to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains major arteries
of the brain as well as CSF. - CORRECT ANSWER Subarachnoid
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - CORRECT ANSWER Two types: traumatic and
non traumatic, bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - CORRECT ANSWER Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial,
*ONE MORE CHECK fig. 5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - CORRECT
ANSWER Diencephalon (thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral ventricles through the
foramen of Monroe to the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and
out through the foramen of magendie
, True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing CSF,
creating a small pressure gradient. - CORRECT ANSWER True (functions are
buoyancy, cushioning, cleaning, and ionic balance)
The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in
circulating it by movement of their cilli. - CORRECT ANSWER Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - CORRECT
ANSWER Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - CORRECT
ANSWER Cisterna magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine
and interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it provides a
place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - CORRECT ANSWER CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - CORRECT ANSWER Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER Sparkling clear
(abnormal would be cloudy or colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
What is the chemistry of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER pH 7.33
Sugar 60-80% of blood sugar
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and blood
vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the venous
drainage system. - CORRECT ANSWER Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - CORRECT
ANSWER Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - CORRECT
ANSWER True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - CORRECT ANSWER True
What is significant about the epidural space? - CORRECT ANSWER It contains the
middle meningeal artery (a branch off of the external carotid)
,What goes through foramen spinosum? - CORRECT ANSWER middle meningeal
artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the MMA due
to temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased
ICP, herniation, and death. - CORRECT ANSWER Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging veins that
cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - CORRECT
ANSWER Subdural
What is a subdural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER Rupture of the bridging veins
which are susceptible to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains major arteries
of the brain as well as CSF. - CORRECT ANSWER Subarachnoid
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - CORRECT ANSWER Two types: traumatic and
non traumatic, bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - CORRECT ANSWER Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial,
*ONE MORE CHECK fig. 5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - CORRECT
ANSWER Diencephalon (thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral ventricles through the
foramen of Monroe to the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and
out through the foramen of magendie
, True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing CSF,
creating a small pressure gradient. - CORRECT ANSWER True (functions are
buoyancy, cushioning, cleaning, and ionic balance)
The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in
circulating it by movement of their cilli. - CORRECT ANSWER Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - CORRECT
ANSWER Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - CORRECT
ANSWER Cisterna magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine
and interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it provides a
place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - CORRECT ANSWER CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - CORRECT ANSWER Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER Sparkling clear
(abnormal would be cloudy or colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
What is the chemistry of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER pH 7.33
Sugar 60-80% of blood sugar
