LSU BIOL 3040 – EVOLUTION FINAL
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS.
Evolution - Answer - the change in the properties of organisms over the course of a generation
- "descent with modification"
Artificial Selection - Answer - Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce
offspring with identical traits.
Natural Selection - Answer - reproduction is necessary to form the next generation
- individuals within populations are variable, some of the variation among individuals is
inheritable
- more individuals produced each generation than can survive, "survival of the fittest"
Phylogenetic Tree - Answer - an accurate way of depicting evolution
- an evolutionary branching diagram showing the links between closest relatives
Node - Answer - the point where the branches connect on a phylogenetic tree
- represents that those two organisms are most closely related to each other/ common ancestor
- the most recent common ancestor, which is the "species" from which the two lineages have
descended from
Topology - Answer - The ancestor-descendent relationships in tree like form
- Can look very different but depict the same tree
Monophyletic Groups - Answer - contain taxa which are more closely related to each other
than to any outside of the group
- they share a most recent common ancestor
- nested in or include other more inclusive clades
- shared derived characters
- it is a natural group
, - it is a monophyletic group with a taxon missing
- includes an ancestor and all of its descendants except for a single lineage
Polyphyletic Groups - Answer Most recent common ancestor and more than one lineage
missing
Tetrapod - Answer - humans belong to this category
- originated from lobe-finned fishes
- everything with a backbone has a type of fish ancestor
Science - Answer the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of
natural phenomena , as well as the knowledge generated through this process
Theory - Answer a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a
vast body of evidence
Hypothesis - Answer - an answer to something
- must be tested
Homology - Answer - similarity derived from common ancestry
- shared similarity due to common ancestry
- the same structure/phenotype under every variety of form and function
- EX: human legs and horse legs
- EX: bones of wings of bats and birds
Analogy - Answer - artificial similarity not based on common ancestry
- convergence
Convergence - Answer - the independent origin of similar attributes from a dissimilar ancestral
condition
- they have same general body shape, but very different origins of those traits
- aka derived and evolved from different locations
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS.
Evolution - Answer - the change in the properties of organisms over the course of a generation
- "descent with modification"
Artificial Selection - Answer - Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce
offspring with identical traits.
Natural Selection - Answer - reproduction is necessary to form the next generation
- individuals within populations are variable, some of the variation among individuals is
inheritable
- more individuals produced each generation than can survive, "survival of the fittest"
Phylogenetic Tree - Answer - an accurate way of depicting evolution
- an evolutionary branching diagram showing the links between closest relatives
Node - Answer - the point where the branches connect on a phylogenetic tree
- represents that those two organisms are most closely related to each other/ common ancestor
- the most recent common ancestor, which is the "species" from which the two lineages have
descended from
Topology - Answer - The ancestor-descendent relationships in tree like form
- Can look very different but depict the same tree
Monophyletic Groups - Answer - contain taxa which are more closely related to each other
than to any outside of the group
- they share a most recent common ancestor
- nested in or include other more inclusive clades
- shared derived characters
- it is a natural group
, - it is a monophyletic group with a taxon missing
- includes an ancestor and all of its descendants except for a single lineage
Polyphyletic Groups - Answer Most recent common ancestor and more than one lineage
missing
Tetrapod - Answer - humans belong to this category
- originated from lobe-finned fishes
- everything with a backbone has a type of fish ancestor
Science - Answer the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of
natural phenomena , as well as the knowledge generated through this process
Theory - Answer a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a
vast body of evidence
Hypothesis - Answer - an answer to something
- must be tested
Homology - Answer - similarity derived from common ancestry
- shared similarity due to common ancestry
- the same structure/phenotype under every variety of form and function
- EX: human legs and horse legs
- EX: bones of wings of bats and birds
Analogy - Answer - artificial similarity not based on common ancestry
- convergence
Convergence - Answer - the independent origin of similar attributes from a dissimilar ancestral
condition
- they have same general body shape, but very different origins of those traits
- aka derived and evolved from different locations
