BIOL 3040 Final Exam Questions And
100% Correct Updated Answers.
selection for traits that increase mating success rather than survival - Answer sexual selection
individuals of one sex, usually females, select among individuals of the other sex as mates -
Answer intersexual selection
members of one sex, most often males, compete with each other for mating access to the other
sex - Answer intrasexual selection
1 male, 1 female - Answer monogamy
1 male, more than 1 female - Answer polygyny
1 female, more than 1 male - Answer polyandry
more than 1 male, more than 1 female - Answer polygynandry
difference in the size of the gametes that forms the basis of the definition of males and females
- Answer anisogamy
Male reproductive success is limited by _____ that are available to fertilize. - Answer the
comparatively few eggs
Biologists hypothesized the following about the different selective processes that operate on
males and females:
1.
2. - Answer 1) Because eggs are the limiting resource, males should compete for access to
mating opportunities with females
2) Because eggs are expensive and rare, females should be the choosier sex
Females on average have _____ reproductive success - Answer intermediate (few have 0, few
,Evolutionary model of female mate choice (4): - Answer 1. direct benefits
2. good genes
3. fisherian runaway selection
4. sensory bias models
Selection favors females who have a genetic predisposition to choose mates that provide them
with some resources which increase their fecundity or survival
Ex: Male hanging flies present females with food items that the females eat during courtship or
mating - Answer direct benefits model
Direct benefits and safety from predators:
_____ correlation between size of males and probability of females being captured by predators
in Hyalella (amphipod) ----> - Answer inverse (As body size increases, the probability the
female gets captured goes down)
females choose mates that possess "good genes"; gene that code for some suite of favorable
traits
Ex: females prefer male peacocks with longer, elaborate tails and increased number of eyespots
---> have good genes - Answer good genes model
the higher cost of producing signals ensures that they will be reliable or "honest" - Answer
handicap principle
a gene that codes for a particular trait in males over time becomes associated with a gene that
codes for a behavioral mating preference in females (linkage disequilibrium arises) - Answer
fisher process
females benefit from mating with colorful males because by doing so, they are more likely to
produce sons who are colorful—and thus preferred by females—as well - Answer sexy sons
mechanism
an extreme case of the Fisher process of sexual selection in which positive feedback between
genes that code for male traits and genes that code for particular mating preferences in females
drives the evolution of highly exaggerated male traits and strong female preferences for them -
Answer runaway sexual selection
, Ex: birds are acutely aware of the color red bc it was initially associated with red berried being
the most nutritious, whine/chuck calls in tree frogs - Answer sensory bias
In male-male competition, ____ compete with each other for access to mating opportunities in
indirect and often complicated ways - Answer morphs
example of morphs in the bluegill sunfish. What were the 3 types of morphs??? - Answer 1)
Parentals: build nests, fan eggs, highly territorial, and defend against predators
2) Sneakers: smaller and less aggressive, sneak in, shed their sperm, swim away
3) Satellites: "pretend" to be females, swim between mating pair, releases sperm
sexual selection that occurs after matings have taken place (sperm competition) - Answer
Postcopulatory sexual selection
Sneakers produce _____ sperm
Parentals produce _____ sperm - Answer many short-lived, low quality
fewer, but high quality
phenomenon in which sexual selection operates differently on males and females, typically with
respect to mating behavior - Answer sexual conflict
Sexual conflict between male and female dunnocks will emerge over the ____ in place - Answer
type of mating systems
In male dunnocks, potential reproductive success will be LOWEST when _____ is acting, and the
reproductive success of the most successful individuals will increase as follows:
2) ____
3) ____
4) ____ - Answer 1) polyandry- they have shared access to a single female
2) monogamy- sole access to females
3) polygynandry- joint access to 2 females
4) polygyny- access to numerous females
100% Correct Updated Answers.
selection for traits that increase mating success rather than survival - Answer sexual selection
individuals of one sex, usually females, select among individuals of the other sex as mates -
Answer intersexual selection
members of one sex, most often males, compete with each other for mating access to the other
sex - Answer intrasexual selection
1 male, 1 female - Answer monogamy
1 male, more than 1 female - Answer polygyny
1 female, more than 1 male - Answer polyandry
more than 1 male, more than 1 female - Answer polygynandry
difference in the size of the gametes that forms the basis of the definition of males and females
- Answer anisogamy
Male reproductive success is limited by _____ that are available to fertilize. - Answer the
comparatively few eggs
Biologists hypothesized the following about the different selective processes that operate on
males and females:
1.
2. - Answer 1) Because eggs are the limiting resource, males should compete for access to
mating opportunities with females
2) Because eggs are expensive and rare, females should be the choosier sex
Females on average have _____ reproductive success - Answer intermediate (few have 0, few
,Evolutionary model of female mate choice (4): - Answer 1. direct benefits
2. good genes
3. fisherian runaway selection
4. sensory bias models
Selection favors females who have a genetic predisposition to choose mates that provide them
with some resources which increase their fecundity or survival
Ex: Male hanging flies present females with food items that the females eat during courtship or
mating - Answer direct benefits model
Direct benefits and safety from predators:
_____ correlation between size of males and probability of females being captured by predators
in Hyalella (amphipod) ----> - Answer inverse (As body size increases, the probability the
female gets captured goes down)
females choose mates that possess "good genes"; gene that code for some suite of favorable
traits
Ex: females prefer male peacocks with longer, elaborate tails and increased number of eyespots
---> have good genes - Answer good genes model
the higher cost of producing signals ensures that they will be reliable or "honest" - Answer
handicap principle
a gene that codes for a particular trait in males over time becomes associated with a gene that
codes for a behavioral mating preference in females (linkage disequilibrium arises) - Answer
fisher process
females benefit from mating with colorful males because by doing so, they are more likely to
produce sons who are colorful—and thus preferred by females—as well - Answer sexy sons
mechanism
an extreme case of the Fisher process of sexual selection in which positive feedback between
genes that code for male traits and genes that code for particular mating preferences in females
drives the evolution of highly exaggerated male traits and strong female preferences for them -
Answer runaway sexual selection
, Ex: birds are acutely aware of the color red bc it was initially associated with red berried being
the most nutritious, whine/chuck calls in tree frogs - Answer sensory bias
In male-male competition, ____ compete with each other for access to mating opportunities in
indirect and often complicated ways - Answer morphs
example of morphs in the bluegill sunfish. What were the 3 types of morphs??? - Answer 1)
Parentals: build nests, fan eggs, highly territorial, and defend against predators
2) Sneakers: smaller and less aggressive, sneak in, shed their sperm, swim away
3) Satellites: "pretend" to be females, swim between mating pair, releases sperm
sexual selection that occurs after matings have taken place (sperm competition) - Answer
Postcopulatory sexual selection
Sneakers produce _____ sperm
Parentals produce _____ sperm - Answer many short-lived, low quality
fewer, but high quality
phenomenon in which sexual selection operates differently on males and females, typically with
respect to mating behavior - Answer sexual conflict
Sexual conflict between male and female dunnocks will emerge over the ____ in place - Answer
type of mating systems
In male dunnocks, potential reproductive success will be LOWEST when _____ is acting, and the
reproductive success of the most successful individuals will increase as follows:
2) ____
3) ____
4) ____ - Answer 1) polyandry- they have shared access to a single female
2) monogamy- sole access to females
3) polygynandry- joint access to 2 females
4) polygyny- access to numerous females
