SHADWICK POB EXAM 2 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DNA Helicase - ANS enzyme that unwinds and unzips double-stranded DNA
DNA Ligase - ANS seals any breaks in sugar-phosphate backbone
DNA Polymerase - ANS an enzyme that joins the nucleotides complementary to a DNA
template during replication
Gene Expression - ANS the process of using a gene sequence to synthesize a protein;
dependent on mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA; dependent of transcription and translation
Transcription - ANS takes place in the nucleus; part of DNA serves as a template for mRNA
formation
Translation - ANS takes place in cytoplasm; sequence of mRNA bases determines sequence
of amino acids in a polypeptide; tRNA assists by bringing amino acids to ribosome
Gene - ANS a segment of DNA
(T/F) The basic structure of the plasma membrane is determined by the proteins present. -
ANS True
(T/F) The phospholipid bilayer has a solid consistency. - ANS False
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, Channel Protein - ANS Allows a particular molecule or ion to freely cross the plasma
membrane as it enters or exits the cell
Receptor Protein - ANS Has a specific shape such that only a particular molecule can bind to
it
Cell-Recognition Protein - ANS Protein in the plasma membrane has a carbohydrate attached
to it so that cells can be recognized from each other
Enzymatic Protein - ANS Protein in the plasma membrane that carries out metabolic
reactions
Diffusion - ANS net movement of any type of molecule from a region of higher concentration
to a region of lower concentration
Hypotonic Solution - ANS solution that contains a lower solute (more water) concentration
than the cytoplasm of a cell; causes cell to gain water by osmosis
Hypertonic Solution - ANS higher solute concentrations (less water) than the cytoplasm of
the cell; causes the cell to lose water by osmosis
Osmosis - ANS diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (requires no
energy)
Pinocytosis - ANS process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell;
liquids and small molecules dissolved in liquid
Phagocytosis - ANS process by which cells engulf large substances forming an intracellular
vacuole; large particulate matter
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DNA Helicase - ANS enzyme that unwinds and unzips double-stranded DNA
DNA Ligase - ANS seals any breaks in sugar-phosphate backbone
DNA Polymerase - ANS an enzyme that joins the nucleotides complementary to a DNA
template during replication
Gene Expression - ANS the process of using a gene sequence to synthesize a protein;
dependent on mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA; dependent of transcription and translation
Transcription - ANS takes place in the nucleus; part of DNA serves as a template for mRNA
formation
Translation - ANS takes place in cytoplasm; sequence of mRNA bases determines sequence
of amino acids in a polypeptide; tRNA assists by bringing amino acids to ribosome
Gene - ANS a segment of DNA
(T/F) The basic structure of the plasma membrane is determined by the proteins present. -
ANS True
(T/F) The phospholipid bilayer has a solid consistency. - ANS False
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Channel Protein - ANS Allows a particular molecule or ion to freely cross the plasma
membrane as it enters or exits the cell
Receptor Protein - ANS Has a specific shape such that only a particular molecule can bind to
it
Cell-Recognition Protein - ANS Protein in the plasma membrane has a carbohydrate attached
to it so that cells can be recognized from each other
Enzymatic Protein - ANS Protein in the plasma membrane that carries out metabolic
reactions
Diffusion - ANS net movement of any type of molecule from a region of higher concentration
to a region of lower concentration
Hypotonic Solution - ANS solution that contains a lower solute (more water) concentration
than the cytoplasm of a cell; causes cell to gain water by osmosis
Hypertonic Solution - ANS higher solute concentrations (less water) than the cytoplasm of
the cell; causes the cell to lose water by osmosis
Osmosis - ANS diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (requires no
energy)
Pinocytosis - ANS process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell;
liquids and small molecules dissolved in liquid
Phagocytosis - ANS process by which cells engulf large substances forming an intracellular
vacuole; large particulate matter
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
