FRESENIUS NEW HIRE, STUDY GUIDE
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - ANS Removal of waste products (creatinine,
urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - ANS (2)
Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - ANS Removal of waste
products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - ANS hormone produced by the kidneys with important
effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on sodium, and potassium balance
What is homeostasis? - ANS Steady internal state of equilibrium in the body.
Intracellular - ANS Inside the cells
Intravascular - ANS inside the blood vessels
Extracellular - ANS outside the cells
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, Interstitial - ANS between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments? - ANS Intracellular, Extracellular, Intravascular,
Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD) - ANS Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - ANS Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - ANS Concentration Gradient, Temperature,
Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area,
Flow Geometry Convection
What are three types of solutions? - ANS Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
What is hypotonic? - ANS Containing less particles
What is Isotonic? - ANS Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic? - ANS Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is? - ANS Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ANS either from inadequate
heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is decreased.
What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - ANS Blood compartment, dialysate
compartment
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - ANS Removal of waste products (creatinine,
urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - ANS (2)
Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - ANS Removal of waste
products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - ANS hormone produced by the kidneys with important
effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on sodium, and potassium balance
What is homeostasis? - ANS Steady internal state of equilibrium in the body.
Intracellular - ANS Inside the cells
Intravascular - ANS inside the blood vessels
Extracellular - ANS outside the cells
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Interstitial - ANS between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments? - ANS Intracellular, Extracellular, Intravascular,
Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD) - ANS Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - ANS Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - ANS Concentration Gradient, Temperature,
Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area,
Flow Geometry Convection
What are three types of solutions? - ANS Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
What is hypotonic? - ANS Containing less particles
What is Isotonic? - ANS Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic? - ANS Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is? - ANS Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ANS either from inadequate
heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is decreased.
What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - ANS Blood compartment, dialysate
compartment
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
