NDFS 100
BYU NDFS 100 FINAL EXAM (2025)
STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Identify the ways that nutrition affects health. -Answer- ✔Having proper nutrition with
sufficient nutrients help your body grow and maintain strong muscles, bones, skin, and
blood. It helps repair the body as well as prevent malnutrition and other diseases ("a
lifetime of nourishment" in textbook)
Identify the six major nutrients, their roles in the body, and the calorie values of the
three macronutrients and alcohol. -Answer- ✔Minerals: regulation
Vitamins: regulation
Water: most vital to body
Carbs: yield energy, 4kcal/g
Fat: structure, energy, 9kcal/g
Protein: structure, energy, regulation, 4kcal/g
-(Alcohol: 7kcal/g)
List and define the 5 components of a nutritious diet. -Answer- ✔Balance (of food
groups)
Variety (of food within groups)
Calorie Control (nutrients obtained within needed calories)
Moderation (low/correct amount of potentially harmful substances)
Adequacy (enough of what's needed) (meeting the needs of the DRI tables)
Use knowledge of the scientific method to find and recognize credible sources of
information. -Answer- ✔Look at the background/research
Unbiased, well-structured experiment
NDFS 100
,NDFS 100
How it is analyzed
Make sure the people have the proper certification
Large sample size
correlation does not equal causation
Identify the stages of behavior change. -Answer- ✔Pre contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Adoption/moving on
Use conversion equivalents. -Answer- ✔1000 calories = 1 Calorie (what we think of as
calories)
Length
1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)
Volume
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
1 cup = 8 fl oz or 16 tablespoons
1 quart (qt) = 4 cups
1 liter = 1000 mL
1 gallon = 16 c or 4 quarts
Weight
1 microgram (mcg or μg) = 1/1000 milligram (mg)
1 mg = 1000 mcg (or μg ) or 1/1000 gram (g)
1 g = 1000 mg
NDFS 100
,NDFS 100
1 pound (lb) = 16 oz (wt)
1 kg = 2.2 lb
Define or describe DRI, RDA, AI, UL, EAR, and AMDR and their uses. -Answer- ✔DRI:
dietary reference intake (set of reference values for nutrient intake)
RDA: recommended dietary allowance (av intake for nutrient reqs) 98% people, gender
AI: adequate intake (low evidence for RDA, so assumed nutritional adequacy) when RDA
is insufficient
UL: tolerable upper intake level (max daily safe level)45
EAR: estimated average requirement (majority's nutrient intake level) 50% line for the
nutrients
AMDR: acceptable macronutrient distribution range
Carb: 45-65%
Fat: 20-35%
Protein: 10-35%
Identify the purposes of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and the benefits of
following these recommendations. -Answer- ✔Purposes:
i. Food based strategies for achieving nutrient intake goals
ii. Promote health (energy, low risk, etc.)
iii. Aims to fix the normal US diet (undersupplied needed nutrients and oversupplied
unnecessary nutrients)
iv. Healthy dietary pattern through wise choices w/o supplements and few adjustments
v. Increase physical activity
b. Benefits:
i. Inc nervous, hormonal, immune systems health
ii. Proper body functions
NDFS 100
, NDFS 100
iii. Healthy skin, glossy hair, natural attractiveness
c. Key Points
i. Addresses over/under nutrition
ii. Healthy eating pattern + physically active
iii. Nutrients over/under supplied in US diets
Use the USDA Eating Pattern to classify foods and compare their nutritional value. -
Answer- ✔Food high in fat/sugar and low in nutrient density should be limited
Use the USDA Eating Pattern to inform individualized dietary recommendations. This
includes knowing USDA Eating Pattern equivalents for fruits, vegetables, grains, milk, and
protein foods (meat and meat alternates). -Answer- ✔1 c fruit=
1 c fresh, frozen, cooked, or canned fruit
½ c dried fruit
1 c 100% fruit juice
1 c vegetables=
1 c cut-up raw or cooked vegetables
1 c cooked legumes - (should be ½ cup; wrong in the textbook)
1 c vegetable juice
2 c raw, leafy greens
1 oz grains=
1 slice bread
½ c cooked rice, pasta, or cereal
1 oz dry pasta or rice
1 c ready-to-eat cereal flakes
3 c popped popcorn
NDFS 100
BYU NDFS 100 FINAL EXAM (2025)
STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Identify the ways that nutrition affects health. -Answer- ✔Having proper nutrition with
sufficient nutrients help your body grow and maintain strong muscles, bones, skin, and
blood. It helps repair the body as well as prevent malnutrition and other diseases ("a
lifetime of nourishment" in textbook)
Identify the six major nutrients, their roles in the body, and the calorie values of the
three macronutrients and alcohol. -Answer- ✔Minerals: regulation
Vitamins: regulation
Water: most vital to body
Carbs: yield energy, 4kcal/g
Fat: structure, energy, 9kcal/g
Protein: structure, energy, regulation, 4kcal/g
-(Alcohol: 7kcal/g)
List and define the 5 components of a nutritious diet. -Answer- ✔Balance (of food
groups)
Variety (of food within groups)
Calorie Control (nutrients obtained within needed calories)
Moderation (low/correct amount of potentially harmful substances)
Adequacy (enough of what's needed) (meeting the needs of the DRI tables)
Use knowledge of the scientific method to find and recognize credible sources of
information. -Answer- ✔Look at the background/research
Unbiased, well-structured experiment
NDFS 100
,NDFS 100
How it is analyzed
Make sure the people have the proper certification
Large sample size
correlation does not equal causation
Identify the stages of behavior change. -Answer- ✔Pre contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Adoption/moving on
Use conversion equivalents. -Answer- ✔1000 calories = 1 Calorie (what we think of as
calories)
Length
1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)
Volume
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
1 cup = 8 fl oz or 16 tablespoons
1 quart (qt) = 4 cups
1 liter = 1000 mL
1 gallon = 16 c or 4 quarts
Weight
1 microgram (mcg or μg) = 1/1000 milligram (mg)
1 mg = 1000 mcg (or μg ) or 1/1000 gram (g)
1 g = 1000 mg
NDFS 100
,NDFS 100
1 pound (lb) = 16 oz (wt)
1 kg = 2.2 lb
Define or describe DRI, RDA, AI, UL, EAR, and AMDR and their uses. -Answer- ✔DRI:
dietary reference intake (set of reference values for nutrient intake)
RDA: recommended dietary allowance (av intake for nutrient reqs) 98% people, gender
AI: adequate intake (low evidence for RDA, so assumed nutritional adequacy) when RDA
is insufficient
UL: tolerable upper intake level (max daily safe level)45
EAR: estimated average requirement (majority's nutrient intake level) 50% line for the
nutrients
AMDR: acceptable macronutrient distribution range
Carb: 45-65%
Fat: 20-35%
Protein: 10-35%
Identify the purposes of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and the benefits of
following these recommendations. -Answer- ✔Purposes:
i. Food based strategies for achieving nutrient intake goals
ii. Promote health (energy, low risk, etc.)
iii. Aims to fix the normal US diet (undersupplied needed nutrients and oversupplied
unnecessary nutrients)
iv. Healthy dietary pattern through wise choices w/o supplements and few adjustments
v. Increase physical activity
b. Benefits:
i. Inc nervous, hormonal, immune systems health
ii. Proper body functions
NDFS 100
, NDFS 100
iii. Healthy skin, glossy hair, natural attractiveness
c. Key Points
i. Addresses over/under nutrition
ii. Healthy eating pattern + physically active
iii. Nutrients over/under supplied in US diets
Use the USDA Eating Pattern to classify foods and compare their nutritional value. -
Answer- ✔Food high in fat/sugar and low in nutrient density should be limited
Use the USDA Eating Pattern to inform individualized dietary recommendations. This
includes knowing USDA Eating Pattern equivalents for fruits, vegetables, grains, milk, and
protein foods (meat and meat alternates). -Answer- ✔1 c fruit=
1 c fresh, frozen, cooked, or canned fruit
½ c dried fruit
1 c 100% fruit juice
1 c vegetables=
1 c cut-up raw or cooked vegetables
1 c cooked legumes - (should be ½ cup; wrong in the textbook)
1 c vegetable juice
2 c raw, leafy greens
1 oz grains=
1 slice bread
½ c cooked rice, pasta, or cereal
1 oz dry pasta or rice
1 c ready-to-eat cereal flakes
3 c popped popcorn
NDFS 100
