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warrant of arrest - ANSWER issued by the court, directed to the officers, commanding the arrest
of a particular person
Use of Force - ANSWER act of physical coercion normally involving contact between persons
Deadly force - ANSWER force likely to cause death or great bodily harm
examples of non-deadly force - ANSWER fists, feet, impact weapons, chemical weapons,
restraint devices, canines
examples of deadly-force - ANSWER striking a suspect's head with a baton, firing a "warning
shot" at a suspect, striking a suspect's head on pavement
reasonable force - ANSWER the minimum amount of lawful aggression sufficient to achieve a
legitimate law enforcement objective
Graham Factors - ANSWER 1. Severity of crime
2. whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others
3. whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight
totality of circumstances - ANSWER all facts known to the peace officer at the time, or that
would be known to a reasonable officer in the same situation, including the conduct of the
officer and the subject leading up to the use of deadly force.
,Cooperative person - ANSWER officer presence, verbal control, restraint devices
passive resister - ANSWER joint manipulation, pressure sensitive area techniques, possible use
of chemical agents
active resister - ANSWER stunning techniques with control instruments, without control
instruments, take-downs, chemical agents, control instrument techniques, canine deployment
aggressive assailant - ANSWER punches, kicks and other striking techniques, impact tools, take-
downs directed at the skeletal structure of the body
deadly force assailant - ANSWER firearms, other measures that could result in GBH
Duty to Intervene - ANSWER A peace officer, or any other person acting under the color of law
who has an opportunity to intervene, shall have an affirmative duty to intervene to prevent or
stop another peace officer in his or her presence from using any unauthorized force or force
that exceeds the degree of force permitted, if any, without regard for chain of command.
what is needed for a conviction? - ANSWER Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
what is needed for an arrest? - ANSWER probable cause
what is needed for a Terry stop? - ANSWER reasonable suspicion
exclusionary rule - ANSWER deter law enforcement from committing illegal searches and
seizures
, "Fruits of the poisonous tree" - ANSWER excludes evidence acquired as an indirect result of
police misconduct
independent source - ANSWER having information apart from an illegal search that satisfies the
requirements of a warrant
inevitable discovery - ANSWER evidence unlawfully discovered will be admissible if would have
been inevitably discovered by lawful means
Good faith - ANSWER reasonable reliance on a search warrant that was actually issued without
probable cause
Reasonable Suspicion - ANSWER stop and detain any person in a public place for a reasonable
amount of time when you can reasonably infer from the circumstances that the person is
committing or about to commit a crime
probable cause - ANSWER reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).
Summons - ANSWER issued by a court, commanding a person to appear before a court on a
specific date at a specific time
Notice to Appear - ANSWER issued by an offer, requesting a person to appear at a specific
location on a specific date and time
Crime Victim - ANSWER a person (s) who is harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime
Separate the witneses - ANSWER according to the memory conformity block of instruction, after
determining the scene is safe, what is the first thing an officer should do when dealing with
multiple witnesses?