NR 511 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 A+
GRADED 100% VERIFIED.
What is a sprain? - ANS -stretching or tearing of ligaments, occur when joint is forced beyond
its normal limits
What is a first degree sprain? - ANS -stretching of ligamentous fibers
what is a second degree sprain? - ANS -partial tear of part of the ligament with pain and
swelling
what is a a third degree sprain? - ANS -complete tear of ligament
What diagnostic testing should be completed with a sprain? - ANS -xray to r/o fx
what are s/s of a sprain? - ANS -acute pain and swelling after a sudden injury. Usually gets
worse over a few hours with redness, swelling and bruising.
what occurs to active and passive ROM with a sprain? - ANS -it is usually decreased
what is a strain? - ANS -a muscle injury, caused by excessive tensile stress placed on a
muscle. Results in stiffness and decreased function
what occurs with severe strains? - ANS -effects muscle or tendon that connects muscle to a
bone. causes inflammation, swelling, weakness and loss of function, may need surgery
How do you manage sprains/strains? - ANS -PRICE- protect, rest, ice, compression, elevation
limit activity, PT, NSAIDS, referral to ortho
What is a dislocation? - ANS -complete separation of two bone that form a joint
what are s/s of dislocation? - ANS -very painful, cause immobility, needs immediate medical
attention
what is the tx for dislocation? - ANS -referral to ortho for possible surgery or reduction, with
application of cast or splint
,what are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - ANS -swelling, erythema, warmth, pain
what is cervical spondylosis? - ANS -neck stiffness, mild aching discomfort with activity
what are s/s of cervical spondylosis? - ANS -Pain and limited ROM occurs with lateral rotation
and lateral flexion of the neck toward the affected side. Weakness shoulder abduction-C5, bicep
weakness-C6, triceps weakness-C7, myelopathy leg weakness
what cervical disc would be associated with weakness on shoulder abduction? - ANS -C5
what cervical disc would be associated with bicep weakness? - ANS -C6
what cervical disc would be associated with tricep weakness? - ANS -C7
what would leg weakness, gait disturbance, balance problems, difficulty performing motor tasks
and loss of bowel and bladder indicate? - ANS -myelopathy
What is the treatment for cervical spondylosis? - ANS -cervical traction, PT, pain relievers,
what is the treatment for myelopathy? - ANS -surgery
what is a test for low back pain? - ANS -straight leg test
what is the treatment for low back pain? - ANS -NSAIDS, muscle relaxants, opioids, surgery,
self-care, spinal manipulation
what is the straight leg test? - ANS -1. place pt. in supine position
2. grasp heel of leg being tested and raise leg by flexing hip
3. asses for pain or reproduction of sx before end of normal ROM (70 *)
What is stenosis? - ANS --pseudo claudication causing radicular pain in the calves, buttocks,
upper thighs of one or both legs
how do sx progress in stenosis? - ANS -proximal to distal direction
what aggravates and relieves pain in stenosis? - ANS -walking or prolonged standing causes
pain and weakness in buttocks and legs
stooping over helps relieve pain
What test can be done to assess for stenosis? - ANS --Romberg test-have pt. stand with arms
next to body or crossed in front of body, have pt. close eyes and see if pt. able to maintain his
balance
-reflexes diminished
, -with bowel and bladder sx, sphincter tone may be decreased
how do you treat stenosis? - ANS -surgical decompression, NSAIDS, folic acid, vitamin B12, PT
flexing the spine, bicycling
-weight loss especially intra-abdominal helpful
-exercise on all fours, arching the back, fetal position
what exercises should be avoided with stenosis? - ANS -ones which extend the spin
(swayback)
How do you treat cauda equina syndrome? - ANS -medical emergency! Should go to ER,
surgical lumbar decompression is necessary
What is the sx of cauda equina syndrome? - ANS -low back pain with acute onset of urinary
incontinence or overflow incontinence, loss of anal sphincter tone or fecal incontinence, loss of
sensation in buttocks or perineum, and motor weakness in lower extremities, perianal
numbness
What test can be done to assess neck pain? - ANS -Spurling
What is the Spurling test? - ANS -Tests neck compression,
1. have pt.'s neck in extension, rotate neck to affected side, apply downward pressure on the
head, assess pt. for c/o accentuation of limb pain or paresthesia--> positive finding
also observe for atrophy of neck
What test can be done to assess for shoulder pain? - ANS -apley scratch test
How do you do conduct the apley scratch test? - ANS --measures abduction and external
rotation
-have pt. reach behind head and touch superior aspect of opposite scapula
-internal rotation and adduction of shoulder tested by pt. reaching behind back and touch inferior
aspect of opposite scapula
What is pain with shoulder abduction a sign of? - ANS -early supraspinatus tendinitis, and sub
acromial bursitis= early rotator cuff injuries
What test is done to the wrist and hands? - ANS -Allen's test
What is the Allen's test? - ANS -Tests the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries
-compress radial artery at the wrist and have pt. rapidly open and close hand several times.
Have pt. open hand (should be white). Release pressure and hand should flush (patency)
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 A+
GRADED 100% VERIFIED.
What is a sprain? - ANS -stretching or tearing of ligaments, occur when joint is forced beyond
its normal limits
What is a first degree sprain? - ANS -stretching of ligamentous fibers
what is a second degree sprain? - ANS -partial tear of part of the ligament with pain and
swelling
what is a a third degree sprain? - ANS -complete tear of ligament
What diagnostic testing should be completed with a sprain? - ANS -xray to r/o fx
what are s/s of a sprain? - ANS -acute pain and swelling after a sudden injury. Usually gets
worse over a few hours with redness, swelling and bruising.
what occurs to active and passive ROM with a sprain? - ANS -it is usually decreased
what is a strain? - ANS -a muscle injury, caused by excessive tensile stress placed on a
muscle. Results in stiffness and decreased function
what occurs with severe strains? - ANS -effects muscle or tendon that connects muscle to a
bone. causes inflammation, swelling, weakness and loss of function, may need surgery
How do you manage sprains/strains? - ANS -PRICE- protect, rest, ice, compression, elevation
limit activity, PT, NSAIDS, referral to ortho
What is a dislocation? - ANS -complete separation of two bone that form a joint
what are s/s of dislocation? - ANS -very painful, cause immobility, needs immediate medical
attention
what is the tx for dislocation? - ANS -referral to ortho for possible surgery or reduction, with
application of cast or splint
,what are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - ANS -swelling, erythema, warmth, pain
what is cervical spondylosis? - ANS -neck stiffness, mild aching discomfort with activity
what are s/s of cervical spondylosis? - ANS -Pain and limited ROM occurs with lateral rotation
and lateral flexion of the neck toward the affected side. Weakness shoulder abduction-C5, bicep
weakness-C6, triceps weakness-C7, myelopathy leg weakness
what cervical disc would be associated with weakness on shoulder abduction? - ANS -C5
what cervical disc would be associated with bicep weakness? - ANS -C6
what cervical disc would be associated with tricep weakness? - ANS -C7
what would leg weakness, gait disturbance, balance problems, difficulty performing motor tasks
and loss of bowel and bladder indicate? - ANS -myelopathy
What is the treatment for cervical spondylosis? - ANS -cervical traction, PT, pain relievers,
what is the treatment for myelopathy? - ANS -surgery
what is a test for low back pain? - ANS -straight leg test
what is the treatment for low back pain? - ANS -NSAIDS, muscle relaxants, opioids, surgery,
self-care, spinal manipulation
what is the straight leg test? - ANS -1. place pt. in supine position
2. grasp heel of leg being tested and raise leg by flexing hip
3. asses for pain or reproduction of sx before end of normal ROM (70 *)
What is stenosis? - ANS --pseudo claudication causing radicular pain in the calves, buttocks,
upper thighs of one or both legs
how do sx progress in stenosis? - ANS -proximal to distal direction
what aggravates and relieves pain in stenosis? - ANS -walking or prolonged standing causes
pain and weakness in buttocks and legs
stooping over helps relieve pain
What test can be done to assess for stenosis? - ANS --Romberg test-have pt. stand with arms
next to body or crossed in front of body, have pt. close eyes and see if pt. able to maintain his
balance
-reflexes diminished
, -with bowel and bladder sx, sphincter tone may be decreased
how do you treat stenosis? - ANS -surgical decompression, NSAIDS, folic acid, vitamin B12, PT
flexing the spine, bicycling
-weight loss especially intra-abdominal helpful
-exercise on all fours, arching the back, fetal position
what exercises should be avoided with stenosis? - ANS -ones which extend the spin
(swayback)
How do you treat cauda equina syndrome? - ANS -medical emergency! Should go to ER,
surgical lumbar decompression is necessary
What is the sx of cauda equina syndrome? - ANS -low back pain with acute onset of urinary
incontinence or overflow incontinence, loss of anal sphincter tone or fecal incontinence, loss of
sensation in buttocks or perineum, and motor weakness in lower extremities, perianal
numbness
What test can be done to assess neck pain? - ANS -Spurling
What is the Spurling test? - ANS -Tests neck compression,
1. have pt.'s neck in extension, rotate neck to affected side, apply downward pressure on the
head, assess pt. for c/o accentuation of limb pain or paresthesia--> positive finding
also observe for atrophy of neck
What test can be done to assess for shoulder pain? - ANS -apley scratch test
How do you do conduct the apley scratch test? - ANS --measures abduction and external
rotation
-have pt. reach behind head and touch superior aspect of opposite scapula
-internal rotation and adduction of shoulder tested by pt. reaching behind back and touch inferior
aspect of opposite scapula
What is pain with shoulder abduction a sign of? - ANS -early supraspinatus tendinitis, and sub
acromial bursitis= early rotator cuff injuries
What test is done to the wrist and hands? - ANS -Allen's test
What is the Allen's test? - ANS -Tests the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries
-compress radial artery at the wrist and have pt. rapidly open and close hand several times.
Have pt. open hand (should be white). Release pressure and hand should flush (patency)
