BCH 367 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
How to make UDP-Glucose? - ANSWER-glucose 1 Phosphate snd UTP
- first step is reversible
- add ppi and h2O irreversible
glycogen synthase - ANSWER-- creates alpha-1,4 glycosidic links between glucose
molecules
Glycogenin - ANSWER-is the primer on which new glycogen chains are initiated.
branching enzyme - ANSWER-- moves a block of oligoglucose from one chain and
adds it to the growing glycogen as a new branch using and aplpha-1,6 glycosidic link
how many atp to turn glucose to glycogen - ANSWER-2
glycogen synthase regulation - ANSWER-between b and a state
opposite effects on glycogen synthesis and glycogen phosphorylase
glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER--enzyme that cleaves glucose from the non-
reducing end of a glycogen branch by phosphorylating it
- releases G1P
G16bisphosphate intermediate
make G6P using phosphoglucomutase
a 16 glucosidase - ANSWER-remove a 16 glucose
a form - ANSWER-r state active
G-6-Phosphatase - ANSWER-enzyme that removes phosphate from glycogen so it can
be transformed to glucose
*liver only*
b form - ANSWER-t state less active
muscle phosphorylase - ANSWER-regulated by the intracellular energy charge
default B form
liver phosphorylase - ANSWER-regulated by glucose levels
, default A form
phosphorylase kinase - ANSWER-converts B form to A form
activated by phosphorylation by PKA and Ca2+
Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER-Glucagon/Epinepherine: stimulate
phosphorylase b kinase, which phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase
-stimulate glycogen breakdown
Insulin: activates phosphorylase a phosphatase (PP1), which dephosphorylates
glycogen phosphorylase.
-inhibits glycogen breakdown
GTPase
Phosphodiesterase
Protein Phosphate I
insulin effect on glycogen synthase - ANSWER-activates protein kinases that
phosphorylates and inactive glycogen synthase kinase which increases glycogen
synthesis
protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) - ANSWER-promotes effects of insulin
activates glycogen synthase
covert to a form
NADPH= ATP - ANSWER-normal pentose phosphate pathway
Glutathione - ANSWER-neutralizes peroxide, drug free radicals requires NADPH
G6P dehydrogenase deficiency - ANSWER-hemolytic anemia
which unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point - ANSWER-cis (kinky)
what stores more energy triacylglycerol or glycogen - ANSWER-triacylglycerol 6x more
Saponification - ANSWER-the reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce
glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)
what initiates lipolysis - ANSWER-PKA phosphorylates perillipin and activates adipocyte
triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL)
insulin receptor - ANSWER-tyrosine kinase
phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
How to make UDP-Glucose? - ANSWER-glucose 1 Phosphate snd UTP
- first step is reversible
- add ppi and h2O irreversible
glycogen synthase - ANSWER-- creates alpha-1,4 glycosidic links between glucose
molecules
Glycogenin - ANSWER-is the primer on which new glycogen chains are initiated.
branching enzyme - ANSWER-- moves a block of oligoglucose from one chain and
adds it to the growing glycogen as a new branch using and aplpha-1,6 glycosidic link
how many atp to turn glucose to glycogen - ANSWER-2
glycogen synthase regulation - ANSWER-between b and a state
opposite effects on glycogen synthesis and glycogen phosphorylase
glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER--enzyme that cleaves glucose from the non-
reducing end of a glycogen branch by phosphorylating it
- releases G1P
G16bisphosphate intermediate
make G6P using phosphoglucomutase
a 16 glucosidase - ANSWER-remove a 16 glucose
a form - ANSWER-r state active
G-6-Phosphatase - ANSWER-enzyme that removes phosphate from glycogen so it can
be transformed to glucose
*liver only*
b form - ANSWER-t state less active
muscle phosphorylase - ANSWER-regulated by the intracellular energy charge
default B form
liver phosphorylase - ANSWER-regulated by glucose levels
, default A form
phosphorylase kinase - ANSWER-converts B form to A form
activated by phosphorylation by PKA and Ca2+
Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER-Glucagon/Epinepherine: stimulate
phosphorylase b kinase, which phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase
-stimulate glycogen breakdown
Insulin: activates phosphorylase a phosphatase (PP1), which dephosphorylates
glycogen phosphorylase.
-inhibits glycogen breakdown
GTPase
Phosphodiesterase
Protein Phosphate I
insulin effect on glycogen synthase - ANSWER-activates protein kinases that
phosphorylates and inactive glycogen synthase kinase which increases glycogen
synthesis
protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) - ANSWER-promotes effects of insulin
activates glycogen synthase
covert to a form
NADPH= ATP - ANSWER-normal pentose phosphate pathway
Glutathione - ANSWER-neutralizes peroxide, drug free radicals requires NADPH
G6P dehydrogenase deficiency - ANSWER-hemolytic anemia
which unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point - ANSWER-cis (kinky)
what stores more energy triacylglycerol or glycogen - ANSWER-triacylglycerol 6x more
Saponification - ANSWER-the reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce
glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)
what initiates lipolysis - ANSWER-PKA phosphorylates perillipin and activates adipocyte
triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL)
insulin receptor - ANSWER-tyrosine kinase
phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate
