Pre-Class Assignment – Fluid/Electrolytes/Acid-Base
1. What are the body’s fluid compartments?
Intracellular and Extracellular
Interstitial
Intravascular
Transcellular
2. What are the 3 classifications of solution tonicity and give examples of each.
Isotonic- Normal saline 0.95
Hypotonic- 0.45% saline
Hypertonic- 5% dextrose in normal saline
3. Intake + Output = Fluid Balance. Give examples of insensible and sensible fluid
loss.
Sensible- urination, defecation, wound drainage
Insensible- evaporation from skin, respiratory loss from lungs
4. List clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE).
Crackling, rapid heart beat, S3 gallop, JVD, edema, dyspnea
5. List clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit (FVD).
Irritability, confusion, dizziness, weakness, extreme thirst, low urine output,
dryskin, fever, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, tachcardia
, Case Study
A 66-year-old female admitted with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the last
3 days. She has lethargy, poor skin turgor and flattened neck veins. She has
1+ edema in her bilateral lower extremities. A urinary catheter is in place with
the return of a very small amount of dark amber fluid. NS @ 200ml/hour was
ordered on transfer and is infusing through a PICC line in her right arm.
Current vital signs and lab data:
HR 126 WBC 9.8 Na 156
BP 96/56 Hgb 16 K 5.0
RR 14 Hct 51 Ca 7.8
Temp 98.2 Platelets 620 Mg 1.5
BUN 32 Glucose 86
Creatinine 2.8 Albumin 2.0
Which fluid volume abnormalities do you suspect is occurring with this patient based on her
current diagnosis/assessment (complete table below)?
Excess or
Deficit Provide rationale for your answer
Interstitial fluid excess Edema is excessive fluid
volume
Intracellular Deficit The @ 200ml/hour
fluid volume
Intravascular Deficit flattened neck veins
fluid volume
Complete the table below
Electrolyte Normal Critic Action Where Is It
Value al Found?
Valu (Intracellular/
e Extracellular)
Sodium <120 >160 • Attracts extracellular
135- 145 fluid and
helps
preserve
fluid
volume
Potassium 3.5-5.5 >6.5 <2.2 • plays a role intracellular
in
electrical
conduction
1. What are the body’s fluid compartments?
Intracellular and Extracellular
Interstitial
Intravascular
Transcellular
2. What are the 3 classifications of solution tonicity and give examples of each.
Isotonic- Normal saline 0.95
Hypotonic- 0.45% saline
Hypertonic- 5% dextrose in normal saline
3. Intake + Output = Fluid Balance. Give examples of insensible and sensible fluid
loss.
Sensible- urination, defecation, wound drainage
Insensible- evaporation from skin, respiratory loss from lungs
4. List clinical manifestations of fluid volume excess (FVE).
Crackling, rapid heart beat, S3 gallop, JVD, edema, dyspnea
5. List clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit (FVD).
Irritability, confusion, dizziness, weakness, extreme thirst, low urine output,
dryskin, fever, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, tachcardia
, Case Study
A 66-year-old female admitted with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the last
3 days. She has lethargy, poor skin turgor and flattened neck veins. She has
1+ edema in her bilateral lower extremities. A urinary catheter is in place with
the return of a very small amount of dark amber fluid. NS @ 200ml/hour was
ordered on transfer and is infusing through a PICC line in her right arm.
Current vital signs and lab data:
HR 126 WBC 9.8 Na 156
BP 96/56 Hgb 16 K 5.0
RR 14 Hct 51 Ca 7.8
Temp 98.2 Platelets 620 Mg 1.5
BUN 32 Glucose 86
Creatinine 2.8 Albumin 2.0
Which fluid volume abnormalities do you suspect is occurring with this patient based on her
current diagnosis/assessment (complete table below)?
Excess or
Deficit Provide rationale for your answer
Interstitial fluid excess Edema is excessive fluid
volume
Intracellular Deficit The @ 200ml/hour
fluid volume
Intravascular Deficit flattened neck veins
fluid volume
Complete the table below
Electrolyte Normal Critic Action Where Is It
Value al Found?
Valu (Intracellular/
e Extracellular)
Sodium <120 >160 • Attracts extracellular
135- 145 fluid and
helps
preserve
fluid
volume
Potassium 3.5-5.5 >6.5 <2.2 • plays a role intracellular
in
electrical
conduction
